New pornography and empathic disconnection
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Approach. The purpose of this study on sexuality and pornography is to assess the attitudes, practices, and consumption levels of college students and their relationship with empathy, and to assess the effectiveness of a youth awareness program.
Method. Quasi-experimental design, with experimental and control groups, and an initial sample of 101 students from Spanish universities in six autonomous communities. The differential patterns of the responses, yielded by the analysis variables were verified by parametric and non-parametric statistics.
Results. The program achieved significant participant retention (sample retention). Significant correlations were found between mass pornography consumption, risk levels, and low levels of empathy. The program showed positive results in a limited set of factors, especially in relation to risk behaviors and pornography selection criteria.
Keywords:
Downloads
Article Details
References
Alexandraki, K., Stavropoulos, V., Burleigh, T. L., King, D. L., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Internet pornography viewing preference as a risk factor for adolescent Internet addiction: The moderating role of classroom personality factors. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 423-432.
Andrie, E. K., Sakou, I. I., Tzavela, E. C., Richardson, C., & Tsitsika, A. K. (2021). Adolescents’ Online Pornography Exposure and Its Relationship to Sociodemographic and Psychopathological Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries. Children, 8(10), 925.
Ballester, L., Nadal, A. & Amer, J. (2017). Métodos y técnicas de investigación educativa. Palma: Edicions UIB.
Ballester, L., Orte, C., & Jóvenes e Inclusión, R. (2019). Nueva pornografía y cambios en las relaciones interpersonales. Barcelona: Octaedro Ediciones.
Ballester, L., Rosón, C., & Facal, T. (Coord.) (2020a). Pornografía y educación afectivosexual. Barcelona: Octaedro.
Ballester, L., Rosón, C., Gómez, R., Martínez, F., & Facal, T. (2020b). Consumo de pornografía entre jóvenes universitarios: actitudes y prácticas de riesgo. En Ballester, L., Rosón, C., & Facal, T. (Coord.), Pornografía y educación afectivosexual. Barcelona: Octaedro, pp. 27-80.
Ballester, L., Rosón, C., Noya, M., & Calderón-Cruz, B. (2020c). Revisión sistemática sobre los efectos de la nueva pornografía online y las intervenciones preventivas de las consecuencias negativas. En Ballester, L., Rosón, C., & Facal, T. (Coord.), Pornografía y educación afectivosexual (pp. 81-116). Barcelona: Octaedro.
Ballester, R., Castro, J., Gil, M. D., & Giménez, C. (2020). Adicción al cibersexo: teoría, evaluación y tratamiento. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Baranowski, A. M., Vogl, R., & Stark, R. (2019). Prevalence and determinants of problematic online pornography use in a sample of German women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16(8), 1274-1282. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.05.010
Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., & Fishbein, M. (2011). A model of adolescents’ seeking of sexual content in their media choices. Journal of Sex Research, 48, 309–315.
Boniel-Nissim, M., Efrati, Y., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2020). Parental Mediation Regarding Children’s Pornography Exposure: The Role of Parenting Style, Protection Motivation and Gender. Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 42–51.
Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Potenza, M. N., Orosz, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020). High-frequency pornography use may not always be problematic. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(4), 793-811.
Breithaupt, F. (2011). Culturas de la empatía. Buenos Aires: Katz Editores.
Chen, A., Leung, M., Chen, C., & Yang, S. (2013). Exposure to internet pornography among Taiwanese adolescents. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 41(1), 157–164.
Cobo, R. (2011). Hacia una nueva política sexual: las mujeres ante la reacción patriarcal. Madrid: Editorial Los Libros de la Catarata.
Cobo, R. (2019). El imaginario pornográfico como pedagogía de la prostitución (Pornographic Imagery as a Pedagogy of Prostitution). Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 9(S1), 6–26.
Collins, R. L., Strasburger, V. C., Brown, J. D., Donnerstein, E., Lenhart, A., & Ward, L. M. (2017). Sexual media and childhood well-being and health. Pediatrics, 140 (Suppl 2), S162–S166.
Cousminer, D. L., Widén, E., & Palmert, M. R. (2016). The genetics of pubertal timing in the general population: Recent advances and evidence for sex-specificity. Current Opinion. Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity, 23, 57–65.
Davis, A. C., Wright, C., Curtis, M., Hellard, M. E., Lim, M. S. C., & Temple-Smith, M. J. (2019). ‘Not my child’: Parenting, pornography, and views on education. Journal of Family Studies, 27(4), 1-16.
Dawson, K., Nic Gabhainn, S., & MacNeela, P. (2020). Toward a Model of Porn Literacy: Core Concepts, Rationales, and Approaches. Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 1–15.
Doornwaard, S. M., van den Eijnden, R. J., Overbeek, G., & Ter Bogt, T. F. (2015). Differential developmental profiles of adolescents using sexually explicit internet material. Journal of Sex Research, 52, 269–281.
Dwulit, A. D., & Rzymski, P. (2019). The potential associations of pornography use with sexual dysfunctions: An integrative literature review of observational studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(7), 914.
Efrati, Y., & Amichai-Hamburger, Y. (2020). Are adolescents who consume pornography different from those who engaged in online sexual activities? Children and Youth Services Review, 111, 104843.
Esplin, C. R., Hatch, S. G., Hatch, H. D., Deichman, C. L., & Braithwaite, S. R. (2021). What Motives Drive Pornography Use? The Family Journal, 29(2), 161-174.
Finkelhor, D., Walsh, K., Jones, L., Mitchell, K., & Collier, A. (2020). Youth Internet Safety Education: Aligning Programs With the Evidence Base. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 22(5), 1233–1247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020916257
Flood, M. (2009). The harms of pornography exposure among children and young people. Child Abuse Review, 18, 384–400.
García, C. G., Gómez, S., Arnal, R. B., & Julia, B. G. (2010). Consumo de material pornográfico en jóvenes españoles: diferencias en función de la edad, sexo y orientación sexual. Anuario de sexología, (12), 9-15.
Goldstein, A. (2019). Beyond porn literacy: Drawing on young people’s pornography narratives to expand sex education pedagogies. Sex Education, 20(1), 59-74.
Gottfried, J. A., Vaala, S. E., Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., & Jordan, A. (2013). Does the effect of exposure to TV sex on adolescent sexual behavior vary by genre? Communication Research, 40, 73–95.
Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet sex addiction: A review of empirical research. Addiction Research & Theory, 20(2), 111-124.
Hald, G. M., Kuyper, L., Adam, P. C. G., & de Wit, J. B. (2013). Does viewing explain doing? Assessing the association between sexually explicit materials use and sexual behaviors in a large sample of Dutch adolescents and young adults. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 10, 2986–2995.
Healy-Cullen, S., Taylor, J. E., Ross, K., & Morison, T. (2021). Youth Encounters with Internet Pornography: A Survey of Youth, Caregiver, and Educator Perspectives. Sexuality & Culture.
Hornor, G. (2020). Child and adolescent pornography exposure. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(2), 191-199.
Jearey-Graham, N., & Macleod, C. (2015). A discourse of disconnect: Young people from the Eastern Cape talk about the failure of adult communications to provide habitable sexual subject positions. Perspectives in Education, 33(2), 11–29.
Kwon, M., Lee, J. Y., Won, W. Y., Park, J. W., Min, J. A., Hahn, C., Gu, X., Choi, J. H., & Kim, D. J. (2013). Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLoS ONE, 8(2).
Lameiras, M., & Carrera, M. V. (2009). Educación sexual: de la teoría a la práctica. Madrid: Piramide Ediciones.
Lim, M. S., Carrotte, E. R., & Hellard, M. E. (2016). The impact of pornography on gender-based violence, sexual health and well-being: what do we know?. J Epidemiol Community Health, 70(1), 3-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-205453
López-Pérez, B., Fernández-Pinto, I., & Abad, F. J. (2008). TECA, Test de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva. Madrid: Tea Ediciones.
Luder, M. T., Pittet, I., Berchtold, A., Akré, C., Michaud, P. A., & Surís, J. C. (2011). Associations between online pornography and sexual behavior among adolescents: Myth or reality? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 1027–1035.
Mellor, E., & Duff, S. (2019). The use of pornography and the relationship between pornography exposure and sexual offending in males: A systematic review. Aggression and violent behavior. 46(2), 116-126.
Nieh, H.-P., Chang, L.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., Chiang, T.-L., & Yen, L.-L. (2019). Pubertal Timing, Parenting Style, and Trajectories of Pornography Use in Adolescence: Peer Pornography Use as the Mediator. The Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 1–13.
Owens, E. W., Behun, R. J., Manning, J. C., & Reid, R. C. (2012). The impact of Internet pornography on adolescents: A review of the research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 19(1-2), 99-122.
Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). Adolescents and pornography: A review of 20 years of research. Journal of Sex Research, 53, 509–531.
Sabina, C., Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D. (2008). The nature and dynamics of internet pornography exposure for youth. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 691–693. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0179
Ševčíková, A., & Daneback, K. (2014). Online pornography use in adolescence: Age and gender differences. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11, 674–686.
Smahel, D., MacHackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Olafsson, K., Livingstones, S., & Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU Kids Online 2020. Survey results from 19 countries. Recuperado de: https://www.eukidsonline.ch/files/Eu-kids-online-2020-international-report.pdf
Steinberg, L., & Monahan, K. C. (2011). Adolescents’ exposure to sexy media does not hasten the initiation of sexual intercourse. Developmental Psychology, 47, 562–576.
Tomić, I., Burić, J., & Stulhofer, A. (2017). Associations between croatian adolescents’ use of sexually explicit material and sexual behavior: Does parental monitoring play a role? Archives of Sexual Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1097-z
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2013). The differential susceptibility to media effects model. Journal of Communication, 63, 221–243.
Van De Bongardt, D., Reitz, E., Overbeek, G., Boislard, M.-A., Burk, B., & Deković, M. (2017). Observed normativity and deviance in friendship dyads’ conversations about sex and the relations with youths’ perceived sexual peer norms. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 1793–1806.
Weber, M., Quiring, O., & Daschmann, G. (2012). Peers, parents and pornography: Exploring adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit material and its developmental correlates. Sexuality & Culture, 16, 408–427.
Yar, M. (2019). Protecting children from internet pornography? A critical assessment of statutory age verification and its enforcement in the UK. Policing: An International Journal, (43)1, 183-197.