Evaluación de la variabilidad espacial de las propiedades químicas del suelo a lo largo de un transecto utilizando el análisis multifractal
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La variabilidad espacial de las propiedades del suelo puede evaluarse mediante los conceptos de invariabilidad de escala, fractales y multifractales. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las pautas de escala y las propiedades de heterogeneidad estructural de las propiedades químicas generales del suelo a lo largo de un transecto corto (es decir, de 52 m de largo). Las mediciones de campo se llevaron a cabo en la granja experimental del CIAM situada en Mabegondo, A Coruña (España). El transecto estudiado se marcó siguiendo la pendiente del terreno, y se recogieron 66 muestras de suelo a una profundidad de 0-20 cm cada 0,8 m. Las propiedades del suelo analizadas fueron: pH (H2O), contenido de carbono orgánico, Ca, Mg y K intercambiables, acidez intercambiable (H + Al), bases intercambiables (SB), capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CEC), porcentaje de saturación de bases (V) y P extraíble. La distribución espacial del pH se caracterizó por un comportamiento cuasimonofractal: la CEC, (H + Al) y la OM, presentaron un grado relativamente bajo de multifractalidad, y las demás propiedades del suelo estudiadas mostraron grados más fuertes de multifractalidad, siendo el más alto para el P extraíble de Olsen. En general, las características de escala de las propiedades estudiadas implicaban una naturaleza multifractal, en la que las regiones de baja y alta densidad se escalaban de manera diferente.
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