Relación de la antropometría y rendimiento físico con la maduración biológica en tenistas juveniles de élite
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- Ricardo López-García +−
- José Omar Lagunes Carrasco+−
- Fernando Alberto Ochoa-Ahmed+−
- Luis Enrique Carranza-García +−
- Ricardo Navarro-Orocio+−
- Rubén Ramírez-Nava+−
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la asociación de la maduración biológica (MB) con mediciones antropométricas y el rendimiento físico en tenistas juveniles de élite. Se evaluaron 16 tenistas mujeres (14.12 ± 1.20 años de edad) y 17 tenistas hombres (13.76 ± 1.20 años de edad) del ranking del Circuito Nacional Infanto-Juvenil de la Federación Mexicana de Tenis. Se conformaron dos grupos, categoría 14 y categoría 16. Medidas antropométricas y de rendimiento físico fueron evaluadas. Con la ecuación de Mirwald et al. (2002) se obtuvo la MB. Los resultados mostraron diferencias de MB entre categorías de varones. También, en los valores de peso, talla, IMC, longitudes corporales, diámetro biestiloideo, diámetro biiliocrestal, grasa corporal, salto Abalakov y lanzamientos de balón medicinal (p ≤ 0.05). En mujeres, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las variables de rendimiento físico. La MB en la categoría 14-16 se correlacionó con SJ, CMJ, Abalakov y LBC, acromial-radiale, biiliocrestal y porcentaje de grasa (p ≤ 0.05) y en hombres la categoría 14 se asoció la prensión manual, lanzamiento de balón por encima de la cabeza, longitudes óseas y el diámetro biiliocrestal con la MB (p ≤ 0.05). La asociación entre la maduración biológica, las medidas antropométricas y el rendimiento físico puede variar considerablemente entre tenistas de diferentes categorías. No todos los tenistas en la misma etapa de maduración biológica tendrán las mismas características antropométricas o de rendimiento físico, ya que otros factores como la genética, el entrenamiento y los hábitos de vida también desempeñan un papel importante.
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