Disminución del acortamiento muscular y efecto sobre la fuerza y la velocidad en futbolistas adolescentes (sub-13)
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- Juan Camilo Díaz-Cortés+−
- Víctor Hernández-Beltrán+−
- Lizeth Fernanda Solano-Ruiz +−
- Julián Andrés Cepeda-Hernández +−
- Gabriel Esteban Méndez-Castro +−
- Boryi A. Becerra-Patiño+−
- José M. Gamonales+−
Resumen
En el fútbol, las variables de fuerza, velocidad y flexibilidad están asociadas a la capacidad de rendimiento deportivo de los atletas, siendo estos determinantes no sólo para adaptarse a las exigencias de la competición, sino que al mismo tiempo la flexibilidad puede ayudar a reducir el riesgo de lesiones. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto sobre la fuerza y la velocidad tras reducir el acortamiento muscular. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo con un diseño transversal observacional-analítico. La muestra evaluada consistió en 22 jugadores de categoría sub-13 con una edad media de 13.40±0.66 años, una altura de 156.95±9.27 centímetros y una masa corporal de 44.54±7.29 kilogramos. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de control (n=10), y un grupo experimental (n=12). El grupo experimental se sometió a una intervención de 8 semanas con estiramientos estáticos, incorporando el método de Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva en la cuarta semana para disminuir el acortamiento muscular antes de la prueba posterior. La extensión de rodilla y la dorsiflexión se evaluaron utilizando un goniómetro, y las habilidades físicas se midieron a través de la aplicación My Jump Lab, incluyendo Squat Jump, Counter Movement Jump, Counter Movement Jump with Arms, el test nórdico de isquiotibiales y la velocidad en 10, 20 y 30 metros utilizando la app Runmatic. Se observaron resultados significativos (p<0.05) para la altura de salto en Squat Jump, altura de salto, tiempo de vuelo y velocidad en Counter Movement Jump, torque en el test Nordics y velocidad en 30 metros. Según los resultados del presente estudio parece que la flexibilidad influye en la capacidad de salto vertical y en la velocidad.
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