Lapso de coactivación paravertebral como referencia para la prevención del dolor lumbar inespecífico. Estudio piloto
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- Julio Martín-Ruiz+−
- Laura Ruiz-Sanchis+−
- Ignacio Tamarit-Grancha+−
- Luis Baraja-Vegas+−
- Paula Blanco-Giménez+−
- Juan Vicente-Mampel+−
Resumen
El dolor lumbar inespecífico, que afecta al 70% de la población, está vinculado a conductas sedentarias y presenta una desconexión entre anomalías estructurales y la experiencia dolorosa. Actualmente el ejercicio es considerado la primera línea de tratamiento, mejorando la biomecánica y la autogestión del dolor. El objetivo principal de este estudio piloto fue medir antes, y tras un programa de ejercicios, la activación de la musculatura central encargada de la estabilización global y local del tronco, empleando electromiografía de superficie en una hiperflexión de tronco. Se realizó un diseño de estudio prospectivo, cuasi-experimental, incluyendo un grupo de intervención con dos momentos de evaluación (pre-intervención y 4 semanas post-intervención). Se observó un descenso significativo del lapso de activación en todos los músculos estudiados tras la finalización del programa: CL derecho e izquierdo con carga (p= .015 y p= .0003 respectivamente) y MT derecho e izquierdo sin carga (p= .028 y p= .036 respectivamente), y una alta correlación de este valor con el descenso del dolor lumbar (rho= .07). El descenso del lapso de coactivación, como indicador de mayor y mejor respuesta muscular ante perturbaciones, podría ser una alternativa en la prevención del dolor lumbar inespecífico.
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