El entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas bajas reduce la incidencia y gravedad lesional, y mejora el rendimiento físico en futbolistas jóvenes
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La aplicación de programas de entrenamiento de fuerza podría ser una estrategia crucial para reforzar el proceso de prevención de lesiones en fútbol. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas bajas de 12 semanas de duración sobre la incidencia lesional, el burden, y la condición física en futbolistas jóvenes semiprofesionales. Veinte jugadores fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo experimental (EG, n = 10 jugadores), que realizó un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas bajas, o al grupo control (CG, n = 10 jugadores), que realizó sólo su entrenamiento de fútbol habitual. Se registró la incidencia lesional y el burden durante la intervención, así como el rendimiento en diferentes pruebas: salto vertical, habilidad para repetir sprints (RSA), habilidad para cambiar de dirección (CODA), sprint en línea recta y fuerza isométrica, al inicio y después del programa de entrenamiento. Se observó menor incidencia de lesiones en el EG (CG: 9,57 vs. EG: 0,00 lesiones/1000 h de exposición) y un burden más bajo en el EG (CG: 317,83 vs. EG: 0,00 días de ausencia/1000 h de exposición) de forma significativa (p < 0,001). El modelo ANCOVA reveló diferencias significativas entre grupos a favor del EG, mostrando mejoras significativamente superiores en el rendimiento físico (p < 0,001-0,024). Este estudio demostró la efectividad de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas bajas para prevenir lesiones y mejorar la condición física en jóvenes futbolistas.
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