Contido principal do artigo

Daniel Amarelo
Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-4671
Biografía
Élia Lago Pereira
Instituto da Lingua Galega / Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)
España
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7493-5608
Vol. 25 (2024), Artigos, Páxinas 5-27
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17979/rgf.2024.25.10775
Publicado: dec. 26, 2024
##submission.copyright## ##submission.howToCite##

Resumo

De uma perspetiva sociolinguística crítica, este artigo estuda as consequências da turistificação massiva da Galiza e da patrimonialização da língua como ativo turístico por meio de um conceito central para a antropologia linguística: a mercantilização (commodification) das línguas (Heller, 2010; Pujolar, 2020). Argumentamos que o turismo, como veiculado pelo Xacobeo, é central para a mercantilização da etnicidade (Comaroff & Comaroff, 2009) e da língua “as a sign of authenticity [...], useful as added value for niche markets” (Heller, 2010: 102). Isto mostrar-se-á mediante a análise de um corpus de vídeos promocionais da Xunta de Galicia e da companhia Gadis, por um lado, e de um corpus de paisagem linguística da Rua da Caldeiraria (Santiago de Compostela) e as suas lojas, comércios e souvenirs, por outro lado. As nossas conclusões apontam para uma sentimentalização do povo galego (Miguélez-Carballeira, 2014) com consequências políticas e sociolinguísticas para as comunidades locais, como a auto-folclorização, o silenciamento e a despolitização.

Descargas

Os datos de descargas todavía non están dispoñibles.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Detalles do artigo

Citas

Agha, Asif (2003). “The social life of cultural value”, Language & Communication, 23, 231-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00012-0

Agha, Asif (2024) “Enregisterment”, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.1023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.1023

Alén Garabato, Mª Carmen (2016). “Vivamos como galegos: identidade e lingua galega como argumentos comerciais”. Em Corral Díaz, Esther, Fidalgo Francisco, Elvira, & Lorenzo Gradín, Pilar (coords.), Cantares de amigos. Estudos en homenaxe a Mercedes Brea, 41-52. Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.

Alén Garabato, Carmen, & Boyer, Henri (2020). Le marché et la langue occitane au vingt-et-unième siècle microactes glottopolitiques contre substitution. Limoges: Lambert-Lucas.

Alén Garabato, Carmen, & Boyer, Henri (2022). “Nouveaux usages socio-économiques des «langues régionales» de France au XXIe siècle”, Langage et Société, 175, 9-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/ls.175.0011

Amarelo, Daniel (2023). “Ideologías lingüísticas y su aplicabilidad al estudio sociolingüístico de Galiza: ¿una herramienta teórico-metodológica poco explorada?”, Discurso & Sociedad, 17(1), 1-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/dissoc.17.1.1

Anderson, Esther R. (2021). “Positionality, Privilege, and Possibility: The Ethnographer “at Home” as an Uncomfortable Insider”, Anthropology and Humanism, 46(2), 212-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/anhu.12326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/anhu.12326

Beswick, Jaine E. (2007). Regional Nationalism in Spain. Language use and ethnic identity. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853599811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853599811

Bourdieu, Pierre (1993). Language and Symbolic Power. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Busto Miramontes, Beatriz (2021). Um país a la gallega. Galiza no NO-DO franquista. Santiago de Compostela: Através Editora.

Clifford, James, & Marcus, George E. (1986). Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520946286

Comaroff, John L., & Comaroff, Jean (2009). Ethnicity, Inc. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226114736.001.0001

De Pablo del Valle, Javier (2020). “La dimensión social del colonialismo interno. El caso gallego”, Anduli: Revista Andaluza de Ciencias Sociales, 20, 117-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2021.i20.07. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2021.i20.07

Dietler, Michael (2006). “Celticism, Celtitude and Celticity: The consumption of the past in the age of globalization”. Em Rieckhoff, Sabine (dir.), Celtes et Gaulois, l’Archéologie face à l’Histoire, 1: Celtes et Gaulois dans l’histoire, l’historiographie et l’idéologie moderne, 237-248. Glux-en-Glenne: Bibracte, Centre Archéologique Européen.

Duchêne, Alexandre, & Heller, Monica (2012). Language in Late Capitalism: Pride and Profit. Nova Iorque: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203155868

Eckert, Penelope (2008). “Variation and the indexical field”, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 12(4), 453-476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2008.00374.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2008.00374.x

Fairclough, Norman (2001) [1989]. Language and power. Londres / Nova Iorque: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838250

Fairclough, Norman (2006). Language and globalization. Londres / Nova Iorque: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203593769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203593769

Folkes, Louise (2023). “Moving beyond ‘shopping list’ positionality: Using kitchen table reflexivity and in/visible tools to develop reflexive qualitative research”, Qualitative Research, 23(5), 1301-1318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941221098922. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941221098922

Freixeiro Mato, Xosé Ramón (2006). Lingua, nación e identidade. Santiago de Compostela: Edicións Laiovento.

Gal, Susan (2013). “Tastes of Talk: Qualia and the moral flavor of signs”, Anthropological Theory, 13(1-2), 31-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499613483396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499613483396

García-Vázquez, Carlos (2004). Ciudad hojaldre. Visiones urbanas del siglo XXI. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.

Gershon, Ilana (2011). “Neoliberal Agency”, Current Anthropology, 52(4), 537-555. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/660866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/660866

Gumperz, John J., & Cook-Gumperz, Jenny (1982). “Introduction: language and the communication of social identity”. Em Gumperz, John J. (ed.), Language and social identity. Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics 2, 1-21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620836.003

Heller, Monica (2010). “The Commodification of Language”, Annual Review of Anthropology, 39(1), 101-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104951. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.104951

Heller, Monica (2014). “The commodification of authenticity”. Em Lacoste, Véronique, Leimgruber, Jakob & Breyer, Thiemo (eds.), Indexing Authenticity: Sociolinguistic Perspectives, 136-156. Berlim, Munique, Boston: De Gruyter. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347012.136

Heller, Monica, & Pujolar, Joan (2009). “The political economy of texts: A case study in the structuration of tourism”, Sociolinguistic Studies, 3(2), 177-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.v3i2.177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.v3i2.177

Heller, Monica, & McElhinny, Bonnie (2017). Language, capitalism, colonialism: Toward a critical history. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Irvine, Judith, & Gal, Susan (2000). “Language ideology and linguistic differentiation”. Em Kroskrity, Paul V. (ed.), Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities, 35-84. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.

Landry, Rodrigue, & Bourhis, Richard Y. (1997). “Linguistic Landscape and Ethnolinguistic Vitality: An Empirical Study”, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 16(1), 23-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x970161002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X970161002

López Docampo, Miguel (2011). “A paisaxe lingüística: unha análise dun espazo público galego”, Cadernos de Lingua, 33, 5-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32766/cdl.33.20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32766/cdl.33.20

Järlehed, Johan (2018). “KILL BILBO: Metrolingual Play in Galician and Basque T-Shirts”, International Journal of Multilingualism, 16(1), 59-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2018.1500260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2018.1500260

Kress, Gunther, & van Leeuwen, Theo (2001). Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. Londres: Arnold.

Marcuse, Peter (1985). “Gentrification, Abandonment, and Displacement: Connections, Causes, and Policy Responses in New York City”, Washington University Journal of Urban and Contemporary Law, 28, 195-240.

Martín Rojo, Luisa, & Del Percio, Alfonso (2019). “Neoliberalism, language, and governmentality”. Em Martín Rojo, Luisa, & Del Percio, Alfonso (eds.), Language and Neoliberal Governmentality, 1-25. Londres e Nova Iorque: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429286711-1

Miguélez-Carballeira, Helena (2014). Galiza, um povo sentimental? Género, política e cultural no imaginário nacional galego. Santiago de Compostela: Através Editora.

Mosquera Castro, Estefanía, & Wellings, Matthew P. (2014). “Os códigos lingüísticos da rede e a paisaxe lingüística galega”, Estudos de Lingüística Galega, 6, 173-197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/elg.6.1469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15304/elg.6.1469

Pena Rodríguez, Alberto (2013). “Os novos horizontes da industria publicitaria”. Em López García, Xosé, Rivas, Manuel, & Aneiros Díaz, Rosa (coords.), A comunicación en Galicia 2013, 171-186. Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega.

Praza Pública (2023). “O 11% das persoas asalariadas en Galicia traballa no sector turístico, que alcanza cifras récord”, Praza Pública, 16/08/2023. Acessível em https://praza.gal/economia/o-11percent-das-persoas-asalariadas-en-galicia-traballa-no-sector-turistico-que-alcanza-cifras-record (Consultado em 21.05.2024).

Prego Vázquez, Gabriela, & Zas Varela, Luz (2018). “Paisaje lingüístico. Un recurso TIC-TAC-TEP para el aula”, Lingue e Linguaggi, 25, 277-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V25P277.

Pujolar, Joan (2020). “La mercantilización de las lenguas (commodification)”. Em Martín Rojo, Luisa, & Pujolar, J. (eds.), Claves para entender el multilingüismo contemporáneo, 131-164. Barcelona / Zaragoza: Editorial UOC / Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza.

Ramallo Fernández, Fernando, & Rei Doval, Gabriel (1996). Publicidade e lingua galega: os consumidores ante o uso do galego na comunicación publicitaria e nas relacións comerciais. Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega.

Regueira, Xosé Luís, López Docampo, Miguel, & Wellings, Matthew (2013). “El paisaje lingüístico en Galicia”, Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana, 11(1), 39-62. DOI: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24364766.

Reinero, David (2022). “Tras o “bienio xacobeo”, a Xunta prepara xa a “década xacobea””, Praza Pública, 31/12/2022. Acessível em https://praza.gal/politica/tras-o-bienio-xacobeo-a-xunta-prepara-xa-a-decada-xacobea (Consultado em 21.05.2024).

Salgado, Daniel (2022). “Alquileres por las nubes, cánticos a todas horas, caballos en las iglesias: el turismo desborda Santiago y tensiona a los vecinos”, ElDiario.es, 03/08/2022. Acessível em https://www.eldiario.es/galicia/alquileres-nubes-canticos-horas-caballos-iglesias-turismo-desborda-santiago-tensiona-vecinos_1_9220415.html (Consultado em 21.05.2024).

Screti, Francesco (2013). ““Let’s live like Galicians”: Nationalism in advertising”, Journal of Argumentation in Context, 2(3), 299-321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.2.3.02scr. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jaic.2.3.02scr

Sequeiro, Natalia (2023). “Santiago recibe más turistas por habitante que Barcelona o Palma”, El Correo Gallego, 26/01/2023. Acessível em https://www.elcorreogallego.es/santiago/santiago-recibe-mas-turistas-por-habitante-que-barcelona-o-palma-KC13117058 (Consultado em 21.05.2024).

Shankar, Shalini, & Cavanaugh, Jillian R. (2012). “Language and Materiality in Global Capitalism”, Annual Review of Anthropology, 41, 355-369. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145811

Smith, Neil (2012). La nueva frontera urbana. Ciudad revanchista y gentrificación. Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños.

Sobocińska, Marta (2019). “La (in)visibilidad de las lenguas regionales en el paisaje lingüístico de Asturias y de Galicia”, Lletres Asturianes, 120, 117-143.

Van Dijk, Teun A. (2009). Society and discourse. How social contexts influence text and talk. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511575273

Van Leeuwen, Theo (2016). “A Social Semiotic Theory of Synesthesia? – A Discussion Paper”, Hermes – Journal of Language and Communication in Business, 55, 105-119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i55.24292

Van Leeuwen, Theo (2021). Multimodality and Identity. Londres/Nova Iorque: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003186625

Wellings, Matthew (2014). “Un estudo da paisaxe lingüística en Santiago de Compostela”, Cadernos de Lingua, 35, 5-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32766/cdl.35.8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32766/cdl.35.8

Woolard, Kathryn A. (2016). Singular and Plural: Ideologies of Linguistic Authority in 21st Century Catalonia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190258610.001.0001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190258610.003.0002

Xentrificación Vigo (2015). Xentrificación (fanzine). Acessível em http://xentrificacionvigo.blogspot.com/2015/05/fanzine-xentrificacion-exclusion-e.html (Consultado em 21.05.2024).

Zas Varela, Luz, & Prego Vázquez, Gabriela (2018). “A View of Linguistic Landscapes for an Ethical and Critical Education”. Em DePalma, Renée & Pérez-Caramés, Antía (coords.), Galician Migrations: A Case Study of Emerging Super-diversity, 249-264. Cham: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66305-0_19