Comparison of self-perception of physical education among schoolchildren and older adults
Main Article Content
Abstract
Physical activity is extremely important for the development of physical and psychosocial well-being at various stages of life. The objective was to determine the differences in the self-perception of physical education among school adolescents and older adults in a region of Chile by means of a retrospective survey. Twenty-eight school children of both sexes (16 males and 12 females) and 25 older adults (12 males and 13 females) were evaluated. The age range was 16 to 17 years for school children and 70 to 85 years for older adults. A self-perception scale was applied to physical education (PE), called APEF, which has two indicators (value and ability for PE). In the group of men, it was observed that adolescents showed significantly higher values in the indicator of self-perception of value in PE than their older adult counterparts; however, there were no significant differences in the indicator of self-perception of skills in PE. In females, there were no differences between adolescents and older adults. In both indicators (PA to value and PA to skills), the results indicate similar values. This study concludes that there were no substantial changes in women's self-perception of PE in terms of value and skill for PE, although, in male schoolchildren, the results indicate that they valued PE more than their older adult counterparts.
Keywords:
Downloads
Article Details
References
Atkins, M. R., Johnson, D. M., Force, E. C., y Petrie, T. A. (2015). Peers, parents, and coaches, oh my! The relation of the motivational climate to boys' intention to continue in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.008
Baceviciene, M., Jankauskiene, R. y Emeljanovas, A. (2019). Self-perception of physical activity and fitness is related to lower psychosomatic health symptoms in adolescents with unhealthy lifestyles. BMC Public Health 19, 980. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7311-2
Bachelet, V.C., y Lanas, F. (2018). Smoking and obesity in Chile's Third National Health Survey: light and shade. Revista Panamerica de Salud Publica, 18, 42, e132. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.132
Bailey, R. (2006). Physical Education and Sport in Schools: A Review of Benefits and Outcomes. The Journal of School Health, 76, 397–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00132.x
Batsis, J.A., y Zagaria, A.B. (2018). Addressing Obesity in Aging Patients. Medical Clinics of North America, 102, 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.007
Benoit, V., y Gabola, P. (2021). Effects of Positive Psychology Interventions on the Well-Being of Young Children: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health, 17, 18(22), 12065.
Bessa, C., Hastie, P., Ramos, A., y Mesquita, I. (2021). What Actually Differs between Traditional Teaching and Sport Education in Students' Learning Outcomes? A Critical Systematic Review. Journal of sports science & medicine, 20(1), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.110
Blasquez Shigaki, G., L Barbosa, C. C., Batista, M. B., Romanzini, C. L. P., Gonçalves, E. M., Serassuelo Junior, H., y Ronque, E. R. V. (2020). Tracking of health-related physical fitness between childhood and adulthood. American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council, 32(4), e23381. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23381
Christiansen, L. B., Lund-Cramer, P., Brondeel, R., Smedegaard, S., Holt, A.-D., y Skovgaard, T. (2018). Improving children's physical self-perception through a school-based physical activity intervention: The Move for Well-being in School study. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 14, 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.12.005
Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment (CPAPESE). Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of Medicine; Kohl HW III, Cook HD, editors. Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). (2013), Oct 30. 3, Physical Activity and Physical Education: Relationship to Growth, Development, and Health. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201497/
Durlak, J., Weissberg, R., Dymnicki, A., Taylor, R., y Schellinger, K. (2011). The impact of enhancing students' so- cial and emotional learning: A meta- analysis of school-based universal interventions. En Child Development, 82, 405-432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
Ferraz R., Marques D., Neiva H.P., Marques M.C., Marinho D.A., y Branquinho L. (2020). Effects of Applying A Circuit Training Program During the Warm-Up Phase of Practical Physical Education Classes. Orthopedics and Sports Medicine: Open Access Journal, 4:439–444. https://doi.org/10.32474/OSMOAJ.2020.04.000195
Fox, K.R. (2000) The Effects of Exercise on Self-Perceptions and Self-Esteem. In: Biddle, S.J., Fox, K.R. and Boutcher, S.H., Eds., Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being, Routledge, London, 88-117.
Galán-Arroyo, C., Mendoza-Muñoz, D. M., Pérez-Gómez, J., Hernández-Mosqueira, C., y Rojo-Ramos, J. (2023). Analysis of Self-Perceived Physical Fitness of Physical Education Students in Public Schools in Extremadura. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3), 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10030604
Gopinath, B., Kifley, A., Flood, V. M., y Mitchell, P. (2018). Physical Activity as a Determinant of Successful Aging over Ten Years. Scientific reports, 8(1), 10522. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28526-3
Harris, Jo (2018). The case for physical education becoming a core subject in the National Curriculum. Loughborough University. Journal contribution. https://hdl.handle.net/2134/33950
Hilland, T. A., Brown, T. D., y Fairclough, S. J. (2018). The physical education predisposition scale: Preliminary tests of reliability and validity in Australian students. Journal of sports sciences, 36(4), 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1308002
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Comprehensive School Health Programs in Grades K-12; Allensworth D, Lawson E, Nicholson L, et al., editors. Schools & Health: Our Nation's Investment. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1997. 2, Evolution of School Health Programs.
Kain, J., Leyton, B., Concha, F., Close, M., Soto-Sánchez, J., y Salazar, G. (2017). Preschool children's physical activity intensity during school time: Influence of school schedule. Preventive medicine reports, 8, 6–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.07.011
Kim, I., y Ahn, J. (2021). The Effect of Changes in Physical Self-Concept through Participation in Exercise on Changes in Self-Esteem and Mental Well-Being. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(10), 5224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105224
Kipp, L. E., y Weiss, M. R. (2013). Physical activity and self-perceptions among children and adolescents. In P. Ekkekakis, D. B. Cook, L. L. Craft, S. N. Culos-Reed, J. L. Etnier, M. Hamer, K. A. Martin Ginis, J. Reed, J. A. J. Smits, & M. Ussher (Eds.), Routledge handbook of physical activity and mental health (pp. 187–199).
Kleinert, J., Pels, F. y Podlog, L. (2014) La presencia de un instructor de ejercicio o miembros del grupo afecta el autoconcepto físico y la autoestima física: un estudio experimental en personas mayores. Salud, 6 , 1616-1627.
Murfay, K., Beighle, A., Erwin, H., & Aiello, E. (2022). Examining high school student perceptions of physical education. European Physical Education Review, 28(3), 704-719. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X211072860
Netz, Y., Wu, M.-J., Becker, B.J. y Tenenbaum, G. (2005) Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Advanced Age: A Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. Psychology and Aging, 20, 272-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.2.272
Park, J. H., Moon, J. H., Kim, H. J., Kong, M. H., & Oh, Y. H. (2020). Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evidence of Potential Health Risks. Korean journal of family medicine, 41(6), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0165.
Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (2018). Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; (2018)
Raustorp, A., Ståhle, A., Gudasic, H., Kinnunen, A., y Mattsson, E. (2005). Physical activity and self-perception in school children assessed with the Children and Youth--Physical Self-Perception Profile. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 15(2), 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.406.x
Stanojevic, S., Kain, J., y Uauy, R. (2008). Secular and seasonal trends in obesity in Chilean preschool children, 1996-2004. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 47(3), 339–343. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e31816eb448
Stingl-Zúñiga, I., Farías-Valenzuela, C., Ferrero-Hernández, P., Marques, A., Rezende, L. F. M., Castillo-Paredes, A., Cristi-Montero, C., Sadarangani, K. P., y Ferrari, G. (2023). All-cause mortality attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity in chilean adults. BMC public health, 23(1), 1507. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16467-0
Suryadinata, R. V., Wirjatmadi, B., Adriani, M., y Lorensia, A. (2020). Effect of age and weight on physical activity. Journal of public health research, 9(2), 1840. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1840
Swann, W.B. y Bosson, J.K. (2010) Self and Identity. In: Fiske, S.T., Gilbert, D.T. y Lindzey, G., Eds., Handbook of Social Psychology, 5th Edition, Wiley, Hoboken, 589-628.
Toros, T., Ogras, E. B., Toy, A. B., Kulak, A., Esen, H. T., Ozer, S. C., y Celik, T. (2023). The Impact of Regular Exercise on Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy in Older Adults. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 13(9), 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13090714
Troiano, R.P., Berrigan, D., Dodd, K.W., Mâsse, L., Tilert, T., y McDowell, M. (2008). Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40, 181–8. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3
van der Ploeg, H. P., y Bull, F. C. (2020). Invest in physical activity to protect and promote health: the 2020 WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 17(1), 145.
van Sluijs, E. M. F., Ekelund, U., Crochemore-Silva, I., Guthold, R., Ha, A., Lubans, D., Oyeyemi, A. L., Ding, D., y Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2021). Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: current evidence and opportunities for intervention. Lancet (London, England), 398(10298), 429–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01259-9
Wang C. (2022). The role of physical activity promoting thinking skills and emotional behavior of preschool children. Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS, 35(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00223-1
World Health Organization Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization, (2020). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128
Wright, C., Buxcey, J, Gibbons, S., Cairney, J., Barrette, M., y Naylor, P.J. (2020). A Pragmatic Feasibility Trial Examining the Effect of Job Embedded Professional Development on Teachers' Capacity to Provide Physical Literacy Enriched Physical Education in Elementary Schools. International Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health, 17(12):4386. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124386