Asociación entre el comportamiento sedentario, la actividad física y la calidad de vida en pacientes renales sometidos a hemodiálisis
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- César Faúndez-Casanova+−
- João Vitor Oblanca+−
- Alessandra Precinda Kauffman-Tacada+−
- Kauana Marchini +−
- Mariana Ardengue +−
- Fabio Torres+−
- Pablo Felipe Luna-Villouta+−
- Victor Contreras-Mellado+−
- Michele Caroline de Costa Trinidade+−
- Ademar Avelar+−
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.4.12013Resumen
La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en estadio terminal con tratamiento de hemodiálisis (HD) se asocia a reducida actividad física (AF) y mayor comportamiento sedentario (CS), lo cual puede afectar negativamente la calidad de vida (QV). El objetivo de este estudio de examinar la asociación entre los niveles de AF, el CS (evaluado mediante tiempo sentado y tiempo frente a pantallas) y la QV en pacientes con ERC sometidos a HD. Se trato de un estudio transversal con 165 pacientes en HD de un hospital del sur de Brasil. Se aplicaron cuestionarios validados (IPAQ-largo y KDQOL-SF 1.3). Los pacientes con mejor calidad de vida presentaron niveles más altos de actividad física total (p = 0,019), caminata (p = 0,044) y menores tiempos de sedentarismo (p = 0,002) y de uso de pantallas (p = 0,025). Una mejor calidad de vida se asoció significativamente con realizar caminatas superiores a 100 MET-min/semana (OR = 2,46), actividad física moderada a vigorosa mayor a 1200 MET-min/semana (RR = 1,67) y con menor tiempo sedentario (<6 h/día) y de pantalla (<4 h/día). Los análisis de curvas ROC identificaron los siguientes puntos de corte óptimos: caminata ≥132 MET-min/semana, actividad física moderada a vigorosa ≥1100 MET-min/semana, tiempo sentado ≤420 min/día y tiempo de pantalla ≤3,7 h/día. Se concluye que, en pacientes con ERC en HD, mayores niveles de AF y menor tiempo en CS se asocian a mejor QV. Estos hallazgos ofrecen umbrales útiles para intervenciones clínicas personalizadas en nefrología.
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