Variaciones longitudinales en la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico durante una temporada en jóvenes futbolistas chilenos
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- Pablo Luna-Villouta+−
- Carlos Matus-Castillo+−
- César Faúndez-Casanova+−
- Claudio Hérnandez-Mosqueira+−
- Carol Flores-Rivera+−
- Miguel Alarcon-Rivera+−
- Cristian Martinez Salazar+−
- Gustavo Pavez-Adasme+−
- Rodrigo Vargas Vitoria+−
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2026.12.2.12995Resumen
Existe un creciente interés por optimizar el proceso de desarrollo del talento deportivo mediante la identificación y operacionalización de indicadores relevantes del rendimiento. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las variaciones durante una temporada en la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico de jóvenes futbolistas chilenos. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico y de tipo longitudinal, con medidas repetidas en un solo grupo sin grupo control, evaluando a 54 jóvenes futbolistas chilenos (16.1±1.1 años) en cuatro momentos de la temporada. Se registraron variables antropométricas y de composición corporal. Además, se registró el sprint (10m, 20m y 30m), test 505, salto horizontal, salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) y consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) con el test de resistencia intermitente 30-15IFT. Al final de la pretemporada, se aprecian disminuciones significativas en ∑ 5 perímetros y ∑ 6 pliegues (p<0.01; TE: η²p=0.75 y 0.26 respectivamente; Grande). Asimismo, el porcentaje de Masa muscular aumenta al final de temporada (p<0.05; TE: η²p=0.03; Pequeño). En rendimiento físico, el sprint 10 a 30 m mejora al finalizar la pretemporada (p<0.01; TE: η²p=0.80 a 0.82; Grande), inclusive al final de temporada existen progresos significativos en sprint 20 y 30 m. Del mismo modo, el VO2máx aumenta en las mediciones de pretemporada y mitad 2025 (p<0.05; TE: η²p=0.45; Grande). El estudio concluye que, en jóvenes futbolistas chilenos, una temporada competitiva se asocia a cambios relevantes en la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico, con mejoras, principalmente desde el término de la pretemporada, que se mantienen a lo largo del año deportivo.
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