La música como ayuda ergogénica: análisis comparativo de los tempos musicales en componentes seleccionados de la aptitud física de estudiantes universitarios no capacitados
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El estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto de tres diferentes tempos musicales, como 44-77 BPM, 78-120 BPM, y 121-200 BPM, sobre componentes seleccionados de la condición física, los cuales incluyen flexibilidad, resistencia cardiovascular, resistencia muscular, fuerza muscular, tiempo de reacción y agilidad. El estudio incluyó a 70 participantes (47 hombres y 23 mujeres) que son estudiantes universitarios no entrenados, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Se formaron cuatro grupos, asignados a diferentes tempos musicales (Grupo Sin Música = 17; 44-77 BPM = 18; 78-120 BPM = 18; 121-200 BPM = 17). El Grupo Sin Música y el grupo de 44-77 BPM no mostraron ninguna mejora notable en los componentes de la condición física. El grupo de 78-120 BPM mostró una mejora significativa en la flexibilidad de los miembros inferiores (p = .03, t = 2.44) y en la agilidad para cambiar de dirección (p = .00, t = 4.76). Por último, el grupo de 121-200 BPM demostró un aumento significativo en el tiempo de reacción (p = .01, t = 3.14) y en la agilidad para cambiar de dirección (p = .00, t = 3.39). En cuanto a la comparación entre grupos, la resistencia cardiovascular fue diferente entre los grupos, sugiriendo que el grupo de 121-200 BPM fue superior en comparación con los otros grupos (p = .01, t = 4.02). Se sugiere que la música con un tempo de 44-77 BPM se utilice como recuperación post-entrenamiento, mientras que se observó que el tempo de 78-120 BPM mejora la flexibilidad y la agilidad. La música en el rango de 121-200 BPM muestra potencial para mejorar el tiempo de reacción y la agilidad. La resistencia cardiovascular fue superior con el tempo musical de 121-200 BPM. Futuros estudios deberían centrarse en el papel de los tempos más lentos en la recuperación, investigar más a fondo la flexibilidad y la agilidad en varios rangos de BPM, y garantizar evaluaciones de rendimiento confiables a través de la replicación.
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