Estrés térmico y rendimiento deportivo: experiencias vividas de estudiantes-atletas en un clima tropical
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11544Resumen
El estrés térmico afecta significativamente la salud, el rendimiento y el bienestar de los estudiantes-atletas, especialmente en climas tropicales como el de Filipinas. Este estudio explora las experiencias vividas por los estudiantes-atletas de la Batangas State University The National Engineering University (BatStateU TNEU) en relación con el estrés térmico y sus dimensiones fisiológicas, psicológicas y sistémicas. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico, se recopilaron datos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 15 participantes de diversas disciplinas deportivas al aire libre. Los resultados revelaron que el estrés térmico se manifiesta a través de síntomas físicos como la deshidratación y la fatiga, junto con desafíos psicológicos como la frustración y la disminución de la concentración. Los atletas dependieron de mecanismos de afrontamiento personales, incluyendo la hidratación y ajustes en los horarios, pero identificaron deficiencias en el apoyo institucional, particularmente la falta de instalaciones de enfriamiento e iniciativas educativas. El estudio destaca la necesidad de un marco integral de optimización de la salud y el rendimiento que integre estrategias individuales, tecnologías avanzadas e intervenciones sistémicas para proteger el bienestar y el rendimiento de los atletas. Este marco es esencial para abordar los impactos multidimensionales del estrés térmico, mejorar la resiliencia y fomentar una participación atlética sostenible en entornos de altas temperaturas.
Palabras clave:
Detalles del artículo
Referencias
Abigale, Cherono. (2024). Phenomenology and the Concept of Consciousness. International journal of philosophy, 3(3):59-72. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijp.2092
Alan, J., McCubbin., Christopher, Irwin., Ricardo, J., S., Costa. (2024). Nourishing Physical Productivity and Performance On a Warming Planet - Challenges and Nutritional Strategies to Mitigate Exertional Heat Stress. Current Nutrition Reports, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-024-00554-8
Alvarez, M. et al. (2023). Advanced cooling technologies for athletes: A systematic review. Sports Science & Medicine, 12(4), 678–689. https://doi.org/10.1123/SSM.2023.10.042
Amjad, Azmeer., Furqan, Tahir., Sami, G., Al‐Ghamdi. (2024). Progress on green infrastructure for urban cooling: Evaluating techniques, design strategies, and benefits. urban climate, 56:102077-102077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102077
Casa, D. J., Stearns, R. L., & Lopez, R. M. (2022). Exertional heat illness prevention strategies for sports: Best practices and evidence-based interventions. Journal of Athletic Training, 57(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-057-21
Chen, L. et al. (2021). Strategies for mitigating heat stress in athletic performance. Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(2), 123–134. https://doi:10.1016/jsm.2021.06.012
Christopher, J., Esh., Sarah, Carter., Natalia, Galán-López., Frédéric, Garrandes., Stéphane, Bermon., Paolo, Emilio, Adami., Sebastien, Racinais., Lewis, James., Trent, Stellingwerff., William, M., Adams., Bryna, C., R., Chrismas., Christopher, J., Stevens., Julien, D., Périard., Carly, Brade., Mitchell, J., Henderson., Lee, Taylor. (2024). A Review of Elite Athlete Evidence-Based Knowledge and Preparation for Competing in the Heat. Journal of science in sport and exercise, https://https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-024-00283-y
Christopher, R., Smith, J., & Johnson, H. (2024). Psychological resilience and coping mechanisms of athletes exposed to thermal stress. International Journal of Sports Psychology, 58(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0116
Giulia, Tossici., V., Zurloni., Andrea, Nitri. (2024). Stress and sport performance: a PNEI multidisciplinary approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 15 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1358771
Izabelli, Cristine, Antal, Rocha., Marco, Antonio, Schueda., Anna, Júlia, Pelchebiski., Beatriz, Oliveira, Amorim., Reginaldo, Barros., Thaysa, Bruna, Gavronski. (2023). Termorregulaçāo em corridas de longa distância: Revisāo bibliográfica. International Seven Journal of Health Research, 2(6) https://doi.org/10.56238/isevjhv2n6-010
Izabelli, D., Rodrigues, S., & Silva, M. (2023). Thermoregulatory mechanisms in athletes: A critical review of adaptations and maladaptations to heat stress. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 122(3), 457–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-04861-x
KatieMarie, Q., Magnone., Ellen, J., Yezierski. (2024). Beyond Convenience: A Case and Method for Purposive Sampling in Chemistry Teacher Professional Development Research. Journal of Chemical Education, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00217
Kirsten, Lalli., Nisha, Charkoudian., Yonatan, Moreh., David, W, Degroot. (2024). The Role of Motivation to Excel in the Etiology of Exertional Heat Stroke. Journal of special operations medicine: a peer reviewed journal for SOF medical professionals, https://doi.org/10.55460/4tiv-hqlo
Margaret, C., Morrissey-Basler., Gabrielle, J., Brewer., Travis, Anderson., William, M., Adams., John, S., Navarro., Monique, Marcelino., David, G., Martin., Douglas, J., Casa. (2024). The effect of heat mitigation strategies on thermoregulation and productivity during simulated occupational work in the heat in physically active young men. Frontiers in sports and active living, https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1274141
Mr, Jesse, Criddle., Mr, Andrew, Haynes., Mr, Howard, H., Carter., Ms, Julie, Collis., Ms, Kristanti, Wigati., Ms, Juliene, Goncalves, Costa, Dechichi., Mr, Joao, Carlos, Loacatelli., Prof, Robert, McLaughlin., Daniel, Green. (2024). Determinants of physiological response to exertional heat stress in humans. Journal of clinical exercise physiology, https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.408
Norton, L. E., Maresh, C. M., & Armstrong, L. E. (2023). Heat stress adaptation in athletes: Physiological and behavioral approaches. Sports Medicine, 53(2), 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01678-3
Parker, D. et al. (2022). Institutional policies and environmental stress mitigation in sports. Environmental Health Perspectives, 130(4), 987–995. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9982
Patel, R. et al. (2022). Managing hydration and heat stress among tropical athletes. International Journal of Sports Science, 44(3), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/IJSS.2022.03.15
Périard, J. D., Racinais, S., & Sawka, M. N. (2021). Adaptation to hot environments and exercise performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31(S1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13946
Pooja, Chaudhary., Abhishek, Bharadwaj., Rajinder, K., Gupta., Sachin, Kumar., Shubhangi, Sharma. (2023). Heat Stress and Dehydration. 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7652-2_23
Ravjit, Kaur., M.A., Mallick. (2024). Drugs that May Increase Risk of ‘Heat-Related Illness’ During Hot Weather. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and medicine, 9(6):141-147. https://doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2024.v09i06.012
Samantha, Bates., Sydney, Mack., Emily, Nothnagle. (2024). Beyond the scoreboard: school-based sport experiences and high school student-athlete well-being. Sport Education and Society, https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2024.2338402
Stacey, Cowe., Simon, Cooper., Rachel, Malcolm., Louis, Hall., David, Donkin., Caroline, Sunderland. (2024). The effect of a combined cooling intervention on cognitive function in the heat during an intermittent running protocol.. European Journal of Sport Science, https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.12178
Stephen, M., Rogers, C., & Bell, T. (2024). Motivational factors and coping strategies in heat stress: A Self-Determination Theory approach. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 46(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2023-0182
Stephen, Shannon., Noel, Brick., Garry, Prentice., Gavin, Breslin. (2023). The Influence of Athletes’ Psychological Needs on Motivation, Burnout, and Well-Being: A Test of Self-Determination Theory. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 17(4):409-428. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2022-0004
Thompson, G. et al. (2020). Coping mechanisms and heat adaptation in athletes. Sports Physiology Today, 28(6), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1155/SPT.2020.02.06
Wendt, D., van Loon, L. J. C., & Lichtenbelt, W. D. (2020). Thermoregulation during exercise in the heat: Strategies for maintaining health and performance. Sports Medicine, 50(5), 757–773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01273-2
Wilson, J. et al. (2021). Thermal stress and performance: Evidence from tropical climates. Journal of Athletic Performance Studies, 18(5), 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1136/JAPS.2021.18.405
Zhang, X. et al. (2021). Psychological resilience in athletes facing heat stress. Sports and Health Psychology Review, 23(7), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1093/SHPR.2021.07.04