La relación entre la ansiedad por el final de la carrera y el nivel de esperanza de los futbolistas de la academia
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11880Resumen
Para los niños y jóvenes de todo el mundo, seguir una carrera en el fútbol representa una preciada esperanza. El presente estudio pretendía examinar la relación entre la ansiedad ante la finalización de la carrera y el nivel de esperanza de los jugadores de las academias de los clubes profesionales de Turquía. Además, el estudio pretendía identificar cualquier diferencia en estas relaciones según una serie de variables independientes (n = 933; Media de edad = 15.58 ± 1.5). El estudio se realizó entre septiembre y octubre de 2024. El ajuste de los datos con las escalas se comprobó con el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). Se aplicaron pruebas no paramétricas para analizar los datos que no mostraban una distribución normal. Los resultados indicaron que los jugadores de la academia presentaban un nivel moderado de ansiedad ante la finalización de su carrera (3.20 ± .59) y un nivel alto de esperanza (6.57 ± .86). Se determinó que diversas variables eran factores eficaces sobre la ansiedad ante la finalización de la carrera y el nivel de esperanza. El presente estudio reveló una correlación negativa entre el miedo a la finalización temprana de la carrera y el nivel de esperanza. Casi todos los niños y adolescentes esperan convertirse en futbolistas profesionales. Sin embargo, sólo un pequeño porcentaje de ellos logra este objetivo. En consecuencia, tras el presente estudio, es imperativo identificar los factores que desencadenan la ansiedad por el cese de la carrera en los niños que se entrenan en academias de fútbol. Esto permitirá mantener la esperanza en algunos y evitar las consecuencias negativas de la ansiedad en otros.
Palabras clave:
Detalles del artículo
Referencias
Acheampong, E. Y. (2020). How does professional football status challenge African players’ behaviour? Soccer & Society, 21(2), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2018.1541797
Acheampong, E. Y. (2021). The journey of professional football career: Challenges and reflections. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 45(4), 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723520958341
Acheampong, E. Y., Akwaa-Sekyi, E. K., & Frimpong, R. (2024). Identification of sport talents through leisure activity: a pathway for achieving football commercialization. Leisure/Loisir, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2024.2420128
AEON. (2023). Available from: https://aeonledlighting.com/2023/07/top-world-sports/. Access Date: 11.10.2024.
Alfermann, D., & Stambulova, N. (2007). Career transitions and career termination. In R. C. Tenenbaum & G. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of Sport Psychology, Third Edition (pp. 712-733). New York: Wiley.
Allison, M. T., & Meyer, C. (1988). Career problems and retirement among elite athletes: The female tennis professional. Sociology of Sport Journal, 5(3), 212-222. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.5.3.212
Almeida, C. H., & Volossovitch, A. (2022). Relative age effect among U14 football players in Portugal: do geographical location, team quality and playing position matter? Science and Medicine in Football, 6(3), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2021.1977840
Alp, A. F. (2020). Elit Sporcularda Çift Kariyer. Betül Bayazıt, Ercan Karaçar, Ozan Yılmaz (Ed.), Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Kitabı-3.Cilt içinde (ss. 258-278). Konya, Çizgi Kitabevi Yayınları.
Boniface, P. (1998). Football as a factor (and a Reflection) of international politics. The International Spectator, 33(4), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729808456836
Borges, L. F. D. M., Leite, L. B., Rezende, L. M. T., & dos Reis Caldas, L. R. (2022). Determining factors for the early termination of the career of soccer players. Revista Intercontinental de Gestão Desportiva, 12,e110042, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.51995/2237-3373.v11i1e110042
Butler, M., Brar, G., Abed, R., & O’Connell, H. (2025). The people’s game: Evolutionary perspectives on the behavioural neuroscience of football fandom. Front. Psychol. 15:1517295. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1517295
Çağlayan, B., & Yılmaz, Ş. (2018). Investigation of concerns of athlete students in athlete training centers for the future. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 2(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.470620
Carapinheira, A., Mendes, P., de Carvalho, P. G., & Travassos, B. (2019). Sports career termination in football players: systematic review. Revista Iberoamericana De Psicología Del Ejercicio Y El Deporte, 14(1), 61-65.
De Paulo, B. (2013). The relationship between socioeconomic status and competitive sport anxiety in youth. Ph.D Thesis. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Domínguez-González, J. A., Reigal, R. E., Morales-Sánchez, V., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2024). Analysis of the sports psychological profile, competitive anxiety, self-confidence and flow state in young football players. Sports, 12(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12010020
ERTHEO, 2025. Available from: https://www.ertheo.com/blog/en/becoming-professional-footballer/. Access Date: 07.11.2024
Fang, S., Han, X., & Chen, S. (2024). Hotel guest-robot interaction experience: A scale development and validation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 58, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.10.015
Ferreira, M. D. S. (2021). The Portuguese football manager profile football fans and managers’ perspectives. Master’s Thesis. International Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics.
Fors, I., & Öberg, J. (2022). Coping as Mediator in the Relationship Between Hope and Burnout Among Football Players. Master’s Thesis. Halmstad University.
Giulianotti, R., & Robertson, R. (2004). The globalization of football: a study in the glocalization of the ‘serious life’. The British Journal of Sociology, 55(4), 545-568. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2004.00037.x
Hernández-Simal, L., Calleja-González, J., Larruskain, J., Lorenzo Calvo, A., & Aurrekoetxea-Casaus, M. (2024). Place matters: A study on the influence of birthplace and the place of development on soccer academy players’ careers. Sports, 12(4), 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12040099
Howe, M. J. A., Davidson, J. W., & Sloboda, J. A., (1998). Innate talents: Reality or myth? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21(3), 399-442. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X9800123X
Huck, S. W. (2012). Reading statistics and research (6th ed). Boston: Pearson.
Jiménez I. P., & Pain, M. T. G. (2008). Relative age effect in Spanish association football: Its extent and implications for wasted potential. J Sports Sci, 26(10), 995–1003. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410801910285
Karadağ, D., & Aşçı, F. H. (2021). The Turkish adaptation of ‘dual career competency questionnaire for athletes’. Türkiye Clinics Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(2), 284-91. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2020-79861
Ma, J. (2024). Analysis of the causes and regulation methods of emotional loss of control in football players on the field. Frontiers in Sport Research, 6(6), 132-136. https://doi.org/10.25236/fsr.2024.060621
McGuigan, M., Dello Iacono, A., McRobert, A., Cowan, D., & Unnithan, V. B. (2024). Facilitators and barriers associated with youth player transition to professional first-team football: A key stakeholder perspective. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 19(3), 988-998. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541231184022
Nuriddinov, A. (2023). A study of the aggressive status of football fans. American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Research, 3(11), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/Volume03Issue11-10
Ogilvie, B. C., & Taylor, J. (1993). Career termination issues among elite athletes. Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology, 761-775.
Özkan, A. M., Çepikkurt, F., & Uzun, N. B. (2024). Scale of career ending anxiety in athletes (SCEAA): validity and reliability study. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 29(2), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1388342
Pavlidis, G., & Gargalianos, D. (2014). High performance athletes' education: Value, challenges and opportunities. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 14(2), 293. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2014.02044
Rábai, D. (2022). A survey of the vision of future the members of the football academies have at the academies in the capital city and in the provinces. Central European Journal of Educational Research, 4(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.37441/cejer/2022/4/1/10741
Robles-Palazón, F. J., López-Valenciano, A., Croix, M. D. S., Oliver, J. L., García-Gómez, A., De Baranda, P. S., & Ayala, F. (2022). Epidemiology of injuries in male and female youth football players: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 11(6), 681-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2021.10.002
Rosas, L., & Gerrard, B. (2014). Young players impact on team performance on professional football teams. Collected insights from the field of sport. International Academy of Sports Science and Technology. ISBN: 978-2-83399-1500-7.
Sagar, S. S., Busch, B. K., & Jowett, S. (2010). Success and failure, fear of failure, and coping responses of adolescent academy football players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 22(2), 213-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413201003664962
Sarı, O., Cin, H., & Damian, C. G. (2023). The Examination of sports injury and career anxiety levels of football players. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 25(2), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1268795
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74. https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12784
Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570-585. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.4.570
Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, Pearson Education. ISBN: 978-0-205-89081-1.
Tarhan, S., & Bacanlı, H. (2015). Adaptation of dispositional hope scale into Turkish: Validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 1-14.
Tettamanzi, P., Grazioli, F., & Murgolo, M. (2024). The quest for sustainable sports management: evidence from the football industry. Sport, Business and Management, 14(2), 261-286. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-04-2023-0048
Uehara, L., Falcous, M., Button, C., Davids, K., Araújo, D., de Paula, A. R., & Saunders, J. (2021). The poor “wealth” of Brazilian football: How poverty may shape skill and expertise of players. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3:635241. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.635241
Ungruhe, C., & Esson, J. (2017). A social negotiation of hope: male West African youth, ‘waithood’ and the pursuit of social becoming through football. Boyhood Studies, 10(1), 22-43. https://doi.org/10.3167/bhs.2017.100103
Uyar, Y., Sunay, H., & Atlı, A. (2022). The evaluation of the job satisfaction level of the professional football players in the central Anatolia region. SPORMETRE The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 20(3), 155-167. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1163092
Vidal-Vilaplana, A., Valantine, I., Staskeviciute-Butiene, I., González-Serrano, M. H., Capranica, L., & Calabuig, F. (2022). Combining sport and academic career: Exploring the current state of student-athletes' dual career research field. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 31, 100399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2022.100399
Wilkinson, R. J. (2021). A literature review exploring the mental health issues in academy football players following career termination due to deselection or injury and how counselling could support future players. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(4), 859-868. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12417
Wylleman, P., Alfermann, D. & Lavallee, D. (2004). Career transition in sport: European perspectives. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5(1), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00049-3
Yiapanas, G., Thrassou, A., & Vrontis, D. (2024). The contemporary football industry: A value-based analysis of social, business structural and organisational stakeholders. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 37(2), 552-585. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-06-2022-5855
Yılmaz, A. H. (2020). The importance of financial stability in industrial football. Fiscaoeconomia, 4(2), 498-523. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2020.02.012