Asociación entre la condición física y los estilos de vida con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de enseñanza media chilena
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- Felipe Montalva-Valenzuela+−
- Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz+−
- Antonio Castillo-Paredes+−
- Pablo Valdes-Badilla+−
- Iván Molina-Márquez+−
- Hector Fuentes-Barría+−
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11920Resumen
El rendimiento académico desempeña un papel clave en el acceso a la educación superior y está influenciado por factores psicológicos, biológicos y sociales. La condición física y los estilos de vida saludables se asocian positivamente con las funciones cognitivas, lo que podría mejorar el rendimiento académico. Este estudio es de tipo descriptivo-correlacional y tiene un diseño observacional transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 145 estudiantes (46 mujeres y 99 hombres). La recolección de datos incluyó mediciones antropométricas, pruebas de condición física y evaluación de estilos de vida. El rendimiento académico se midió utilizando los promedios finales de los participantes en algunas asignaturas. El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple reveló factores clave que influyen en el rendimiento académico según la asignatura. Para lenguaje (R² = 0.216), un mayor rendimiento se asoció con ser mujer (β = -0.246; p = 0.033), menor IMC (β = -0.047; p = 0.016), mejor flexibilidad (Test de Alcance: β = 0.024; p = 0.024) y menores niveles de actividad física (β = -0.263; p = 0.001). En matemáticas (R² = 0.101), un mejor rendimiento se relacionó con menores niveles de actividad física (β = -0.403; p = 0.003) y mejor desempeño en el salto con pies juntos (β = 0.008; p = 0.047). Para inglés (R² = 0.146), un mayor rendimiento se asoció con menores niveles de actividad física (β = -0.369; p = 0.002), menor IMC (β = -0.058; p = 0.081) y mejor calidad del sueño (β = 0.058; p = 0.020). El rendimiento académico está influido por factores como un menor IMC, mejor flexibilidad, mayor rendimiento en el salto horizontal y calidad del sueño, así como por niveles reducidos de actividad física. Estos hallazgos enfatizan la naturaleza multifactorial del éxito académico, destacando la importancia de la condición física, la salud mental y los estilos de vida.
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