Interventions in Heritage Sacred Architecture after the Second Vatican Council in Croatia

Zorana Sokol-Gojnik; Igor Gojnik; Marija Banić

doi:10.17979/aarc.2019.6.0.6232

Authors

Zorana Sokol-Gojnik University of Zagreb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-2243
Igor Gojnik Independent researcher (Zagreb)
Marija Banić University of Zagreb

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2019.6.0.6232

Keywords:

sacred architecture, cultural heritage, Catholic Church, II Vatican, Croatia

Abstract

In the period of the Second Vatican Council Croatia was part of Yugoslavia. A new political system promoted an atheistic worldview. The result of that process was a hostile relationship between the Church and the official government and a profound division of the Church and the society. It resulted in very rare interventions in the field of sacred architecture. Most of the interventions occurred in the adaptations of sanctuaries after the Second Vatican Council. Most of them were reflecting the lack of co-operation between experts.
The change of political system has occurred in 1990. The new democratic system brought religions freedom but the new war destabilized society again. The result is a boom in the construction of sacred buildings reflecting the crisis of that moment. In the last decade, the situation is changing due to the initiatives that bring together theologians, liturgists, architects, architectural conservators, and artists in work on sacred buildings.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Zorana Sokol-Gojnik, University of Zagreb

Ph.D. Zorana Sokol Gojnik, is assistant professor at the Department of Design of the Faculty of Architecture, University of Zagreb. She graduated from the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Zagreb in 2002. In 2010 he obtained a doctorate of science with the theme "Architectural and Urban Features of Liturgical Buildings in Zagreb in the 20th Century". Her area of scientific and professional is directed towrds the theory of architecture from phenomenological and hermeneutical points of view with specific interest toward sacred architecture.
In her scientific work, she participated in six scientific research projects at the Faculty of Architecture and published scientific papers related to the subject of sacred architecture in relevant scientific journals. In 2017 she published the book „ Sacred architecture of Zagreb. Chatolic liturgical buildings“.

Igor Gojnik, Independent researcher (Zagreb)

Igor Gojnik PhD, obtained the doctorate of science with the theme „Daylight as a factor of architectonic and identity of architectural space.“ His scientific interest is directed toward the theory of architecture from phenomenological and hermeneutical viewpoints and the phenomenon of quantitative/qualitative analysis of daylight in architectural space with specific interest in problem of daylight in sacred architecture.
He is the author of scientific articles published in scientific journals and international scientific conferences. He participated in scientific research projects at the Faculty of Architecture of Zagreb. He is the guest professor on Postgraduate doctoral scientific study of Faculty of architecture in Zagreb.

References

Akmadža, Miroslav. 2013. Catholic Church in Communist Croatia 1945-1980. Slavonski Brod: Despot Infinitus.

Batelja, Juraj. 2017. Communist persecution and martyrdom of Blessed Alojzije Stepinac. Zagreb: Postulatura blaženoga Alojzija Stepinca.

Berglund, Bruce R. and Brian Porter-Szûcs. 2010. Christianity and Modernity in Eastern Europe. Budapest/New York: Central European University Press.

Bužancic, Radoslav. 2011. Split Cathedral. Zagreb: Turisticka naklada.

Corak, Željka and Ana Deanovic. 1988. Zagreb Cathedral. Zagreb: Globus/Kršcanska sadašnjost.

Damjanovic, Dragan. 2016. «Towers of Zagreb Cathedral. Symbols of Zagreb». Zagreb moj grad 59: 12-17.

Duplancic, Arsen. 2016. «Renovation of the main altar of the Split Cathedral in the 17th century». Prilozi povijesti umjetnosti u Dalmaciji 43(1): 303-334.

Fiamová, Zortavili Martina and Jakubèin, Pavol. 2009. Persecution of Churches in the Communist Countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Anthology of the international conference Bratislava September 30 – October 2, 2009. Bratislava: Ústav pamäti národa.

Fiskovic, Cvito. 1976. Hvar Cathedral. Split: Cakavski sabor.

Horvat, Zorislav. 2008. «The course of construction of Zagreb cathedral». In Božic u Ciboni, edited by Božo Rudež, 144-156. Zagreb: KK Cibona/Zagrebacka katedrala.

Horvat-Levaj, Katarina, ed. 2014. Cathedral of Our Lady in Dubrovnik. Zagreb: Institut za povijest umjetnosti.

Horvat-Levaj, Katarina. 2004. «Cathedral of St Theresa in Požega». Radovi Instituta za povijest umjetnosti 28: 208-231.

Horvat-Levaj, Katarina. 2010. «Baroque architecture». In Croatian Art. History and Monuments, edited by Milan Pelc, 249-287. Zagreb: Institut za povijest umjetnosti/Školska knjiga.

Ivancevic, Radovan. 1998. «Proportions of the Trilobe Renaissance Facades in Croatia». Peristil 41: 59-68.

Ivanovic, Marin. 2014. «Nove smjernice za uredenje svetišta». In Cathedral of Our Lady in Dubrovnik, edited by Katarina Horvat-Levaj, 489-492. Zagreb: Institut za povijest umjetnosti.

Jurkovic, Miljenko. 1992. «‘Doppelkapelle’ od St Quirinus in Krk. Achbishop chapel with double function». Prilozi povijesti umjetnosti u Dalmaciji 32(1): 223-235.

Kovacic, Kuzma. 1996. «My sculptural interventions in the renovation of the Hvar cathedral». In Bogoslužni prostor- Crkva u svjetlu teologije, arhitekture i umjetnosti (Book of conference Savjetovanje za upravitelje crkava, arhitekte i umjetnike, Split 17-18 october 1995), edited by Bernardin Škunca, 147-151. Zadar: Hrvatski institut za liturgijski pastoral.

Kraševac, Irena. 2016. «Neogothic instead of Baroque. The altars of Zagreb cathedral». Zagreb moj grad 60: 18-22.

Markoviæ, Vladimir. 2008. «The facade of the cathedral of Hvar». In Renesansa i renesanse u umjetnosti Hrvatske (Book of conference Dani Cvite Fiskovica II), edited by Predrag Markoviæ and Jasenka Gudelj, 269-280. Zagreb: Odsjek za povijest umjetnosti Filozofskog fakulteta Sveucilišta u Zagrebu.

Mataušic, Juraj Mirko. 2006. «Acceptance of the Second Vatican Council in Croatia». Casopis za suvremenu povijest 2(38): 499-521.

Matulic Bilac, Žana. 2016. «Glavni oltar splitske katedrale uznesenja Blažene djevice Marije - tehnološke i kronološke analize». Godišnjak Hrvatskoga restauratorskog zavoda 7: 49-84.

Mikic, Anto. 2017. «The Second Vatican Council and the postconciliar renewal in paper Glas Koncila from 1963 to 1972». Obnovljeni život 4(72): 443-458.

Pelc, Milan. 2007. Renesansa. Zagreb: Naklada Ljevak.

Premerl, Tomislav. 1996. The new church architecture in Zagreb. Zagreb: Galerija Modulor.

Premerl, Tomislav. 2010. «The Sacred Architecture of the Twentieth Century in Croatia». In Hrvatska arhitektura u XX. Stoljecu (Book of conference, Zagreb, 8-10 november 2007), edited by Tomislav Premerl, 211-225. Zagreb: Matica hrvatska.

Prijatelj-Pavicic, Ivana and Lovorka Coralic. 2002. «Contribution to the Knowledge of Baroque Altars in Split Cathedral». Radovi Instituta za povijest umjetnosti 26: 69-87.

Prtenjak, Ivan. 1989. «Reconstruction of the interior of the Dubrovnik cathedral». In Obnova Dubrovnika 1979-1989, edited by Snješka Kneževic, 336-338. Zagreb: Zavod za obnovu Dubrovnika.

Šimunic, Ivana and Marina Šimunic-Buršic. 2015. «Svod sakristije zagrebacke katedrale», Prostor 2(50): 344-353.

Sokol-Gojnik, Zorana and Igor Gojnik. 2019. «Lendmark Phenomenology of Sacred Architecture as Cultural Heritage». In Cultural Urban Heritage. Development, Learning and Landscape Strategies, edited by Mladen Obad-Šcitaroci, Bojana B. Obad-Šcitaroci and Ana Mrda, 289-303. Cham: Springer.

Sokol-Gojnik, Zorana and Mladen Obad-Šcitaroci. 2015. «Zagreb’s liturgical architecture of modernism between the two world wars». Prostor 2(50): 265-275.

Sokol-Gojnik, Zorana. 2017. «Sacred architecture of Zagreb in 20th century». Zagreb: Faculty of Architecture and UPI2M Books.

Urbán, Erzsébet and Zoran Vukoszávlyev. 2016. «Resistance to oppression. Case study of the Hungarian Catholic Church Architecture 1945-1989». In 14th International DoCoMoMo Conference. Adaptive Reuse, edited by Ana Tostões and Zara Ferreira, 576-581. Lisbon: DoCoMoMo International.

Urbán, Erzsébet. 2019. «Preservation of sacral heritage by learning from the paSt Church building reconstructions in Hungary in the 1960s and 1970s». In Professionalism in the Built Heritage Sector. Reflections on Cultural Heritage Theories and Practices, vol. 4, edited by Koen Van Balen and Aziliz Vandesande, 147–154. London: CRC Press/Balkema.

Vukoszávlyev, Zorán. 2014. «Church At The Border - Church Architecture in Hungary from the start of 20th Century: Architettura di chiese in Ungheria nel XX secolo - Chiese sul confine». In Arte Architettura Liturgia Esperienze internazionali a confronto 6, edited by Giorgio Della Longa, Antonio Marchesi and Walter Zahner, 17-41. Venezia: AlcionEdizioni.

Vukoszávlyev, Zorán. 2015. «Perception of Latin America’s church architecture in the time of II Vatican Council – Studies from East-Central Europe». In Actas de Arquitectura Religiosa Contemporánea 4: 46-53. https://doi.org/10.17979/aarc.2015.4.0.5118.