Safety Considerations for PEM Fuel Cell Power Generation by means of Sensor-Signal Based Algorithms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/ja-cea.2026.47.13676Palabras clave:
Hydrogen, Fuel Cell, Proton Exchange Membrane, Automation, Safe OperationResumen
This paper describes sensor-signal algorithms aimed at ensuring safe and stable operation of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) framed in a renewable-energy powered smart microgrid. The developed algorithms consider operation factors/variables such as working temperature, hydrogen storage pressure, humidity presence inside the equipment, or voltage and current conditions at the PEMFC output. The purpose of these algorithms lies in maintaining an operation point within the nominal ranges of the PEMFC, avoiding anomalous states to prevent the appearance of long-term degradation mechanisms and materials deterioration and, therefore, of the useful life of the PEMFC. The operation of the PEMFC and the execution of the algorithms are performed by a PLC, which gathers and centralises the information from the sensors of the installation and controls the operating cycle of the fuel cell. The set of sensors and actuators installed are described, together with their relevance in the operation of the PEMFC. Finally, the implemented algorithms for the control are detailed.
Referencias
Abdin, Z., Zafaranloo, A., Rafiee, A., Mérida, W., Lipiński, W., Khalilpour, K.R. 2020. Hydrogen as an Energy Vector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109620.
Askaripour, H. 2019. Effect of Operating Conditions on the Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer vol. 144 (December), . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118705.
Atlam, O., Kolhe, M. 2011. Equivalent Electrical Model for a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyser. Energy Conversion and Management vol. 52 (8–9), pp. 2952–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2011.04.007.
Dawood, F., Anda, M., Shafiullah, G.M. 2020. Hydrogen Production for Energy: An Overview. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.059.
Du, D., Zhao, L., Shen, M., Noda, M., Qin, S., Long, J., Sun, X., Liu, J. 2020. Hydrogen Medicine: A Rising Star in Gas Medicine. Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine vol. 03 (03), pp. 153–61. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2575900020300052.
Elberry, A.M., Thakur, J., Santasalo-Aarnio, A., Larmi, M. 2021. Large-Scale Compressed Hydrogen Storage as Part of Renewable Electricity Storage Systems. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.080.
Feng, Q., Yuan, X.Z., Liu, G., Wei, B., Zhang, Z., Li, H., Wang, H. 2017. A Review of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis on Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies. Journal of Power Sources. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.09.006.
Folgado, F.J., González, I., Calderón, A.J. 2022. Simulation Platform for the Assessment of PEM Electrolyzer Models Oriented to Implement Digital Replicas. Energy Conversion and Management vol. 267 (September), . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115917.
Guvelioglu, G.H., Stenger, H.G. 2007. Flow Rate and Humidification Effects on a PEM Fuel Cell Performance and Operation. Journal of Power Sources vol. 163 (2), pp. 882–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.052.
Li, S., Liao, R., Sheng, X., Luo, X., Zhang, X., Wen, X., Zhou, J., Peng, K. 2019. Hydrogen Gas in Cancer Treatment. Frontiers in Oncology. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00696.
Li, Y., Chen, H., Shu, R., Zhang, X., Yu, Y., Liu, X., Xu, K. 2020. Hydrogen Treatment Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Dysfunction through RhoA Inhibition. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications vol. 522 (2), pp. 499–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.101.
Manna, J., Jha, P., Sarkhel, R., Banerjee, C., Tripathi, A.K., Nouni, M.R. 2021. Opportunities for Green Hydrogen Production in Petroleum Refining and Ammonia Synthesis Industries in India. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy vol. 46 (77), pp. 38212–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.09.064.
Okonkwo, P.C., Ige, O.O., Barhoumi, E.M., Uzoma, P.C., Emori, W., Benamor, A., Abdullah, A.M. 2021. Platinum Degradation Mechanisms in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) System: A Review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.02.078.
Patil, V., Reshmi, P. V., Prajna, S., Yashaswi, Yashaswini, Haleshappa, D., Jayarama, A., Pinto, R. 2023. Degradation Mechanisms in PEM Fuel Cells: A Brief Review. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.603.
Singh, R., Singh, M., Gautam, S. 2020. Hydrogen Economy, Energy, and Liquid Organic Carriers for Its Mobility. In Materials Today: Proceedings, 46:5420–27. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.065.
Wu, J., Yuan, X.Z., Martin, J.J., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Shen, J., Wu, S., Merida, W. 2008. A Review of PEM Fuel Cell Durability: Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies. Journal of Power Sources. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.006.
Yuksel, Y.E., Ozturk, M., Dincer, I. 2022. Design and Analysis of a New Solar Hydrogen Plant for Power, Methane, Ammonia and Urea Generation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy vol. 47 (45), pp. 19422–45.
Zhou, F., Singdeo, D., Kær, S.K. 2019. Investigation of the Effect of Humidity Level of H 2 on Cell Performance of a HT-PEM Fuel Cell. Fuel Cells vol. 19 (1), pp. 2–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.201700144.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Francisco Javier Folgado Gaspar, David Calderón González, Isaías González Pérez, Antonio José Calderón Godoy
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
