Factores que influyen en el comportamiento de ejercicio físico de los adolescentes y un programa de intervención para la promoción de la salud
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https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11836Resumen
La inactividad física en adolescentes representa un importante desafío de salud pública, ya que contribuye al aumento del riesgo de obesidad, enfermedades cardiovasculares y trastornos metabólicos. Este estudio investiga los factores que influyen en el comportamiento de ejercicio físico de los adolescentes en una provincia seleccionada de Filipinas y propone un programa de intervención para mejorar la actividad física juvenil. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación descriptivo-correlacional, y se recopilaron datos de 500 encuestados mediante cuestionarios estructurados y evaluaciones físicas. Los resultados mostraron que, si bien la mayoría de los participantes tenía un índice de masa corporal (IMC) saludable (media = 24.6), su condición cardiovascular (media de la prueba Rockport = 28 minutos) y su fuerza muscular (media de flexiones = 4 repeticiones) estaban por debajo del promedio, indicando baja capacidad aeróbica y debilidad en la parte superior del cuerpo. A pesar de estas limitaciones, los adolescentes mostraron un alto compromiso con la actividad física, especialmente en rutinas diarias (media ponderada = 4.21) y entrenamientos estructurados (media = 4.15). La conciencia sobre los beneficios del ejercicio (media = 4.33) fue el factor más influyente. El apoyo familiar (media = 3.64) y las actividades organizadas por la escuela (media = 3.66) aumentaron significativamente la participación. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson reveló una relación positiva significativa entre el estado de salud y el comportamiento de ejercicio (r = 0.421, p = 0.002), así como entre este comportamiento y las influencias interactivas (r = 0.398, p = 0.005). Los hallazgos respaldan una intervención integral basada en la escuela, la familia y la comunidad para mejorar la condición física de los adolescentes y fomentar hábitos saludables de por vida
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