Eficacia del entrenamiento pliométrico vs. el entrenamiento en circuito en la condición del core: un estudio empírico
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https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11906Resumen
El acondicionamiento del core es vital en el entrenamiento deportivo para mejorar la estabilidad, la resistencia y la fuerza funcional. Este estudio investiga la eficacia del entrenamiento en circuito y el entrenamiento pliométrico para mejorar la resistencia abdominal y la fuerza del core. Sesenta participantes masculinos, con una edad promedio de 15,75 ± 0,69 años, una altura de 172,21 ± 5,02 cm, un peso de 84,79 ± 6,17 kg y un IMC de 28,79 ± 1,58, fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de tres grupos: el Grupo de Entrenamiento Pliométrico (PTG), el Grupo de Entrenamiento en Circuito (CTG) o el Grupo de Control (CG). Durante 12 semanas, el PTG realizó ejercicios pliométricos explosivos dirigidos específicamente al core, mientras que el CTG participó en entrenamientos estructurados de core basados en circuitos. Se llevaron a cabo evaluaciones pretest y postest para medir la resistencia abdominal mediante la prueba de abdominales (sit-up test) y la fuerza del core a través de la prueba de plancha (plank test). Los resultados revelaron mejoras significativas en ambos grupos experimentales, siendo el PTG el que mostró mayores avances en fuerza y resistencia del core en comparación con el CTG y el CG. El análisis estadístico, realizado mediante ANCOVA, indicó una diferencia altamente significativa (p < 0.05) en los resultados postest entre los grupos, lo que confirma la efectividad de ambas modalidades de entrenamiento. Notablemente, el entrenamiento pliométrico produjo adaptaciones neuromusculares ligeramente superiores, lo que resalta su potencial para mejorar el rendimiento del core. Estos hallazgos apoyan la incorporación de programas estructurados de entrenamiento pliométrico y en circuito en los programas de acondicionamiento físico general y deportivo para optimizar el desarrollo del core
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