Impacto de una pretemporada de siete semanas en el rendimiento físico y composición corporal de jóvenes futbolistas chilenos
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- Pablo Luna-Villouta+−
- Carlos Matus-Castillo+−
- Cesar Faúndez- Casanova+−
- Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira+−
- Carol Flores-Rivera+−
- Miguel Alarcón-Rivera+−
- Cristian Martínez Salazar+−
- Gustavo Pavez-Adasme+−
- Rodrigo Vargas Vitoria+−
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.4.12179Resumen
En el fútbol, la pretemporada suele ser un periodo breve pero intenso, caracterizado por un aumento en la carga de entrenamiento destinado a mejorar las aptitudes físicas determinantes del rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los cambios en la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico después de un periodo de pretemporada de siete semanas en jóvenes futbolistas chilenos. Participaron 60 jóvenes futbolistas de sexo masculino (16.2±1.7 años), evaluados antes y después de una pretemporada de siete semanas. En antropometría y composición corporal se midió la talla, el peso corporal, perímetros y pliegues cutáneos. Se calcularon el porcentaje de grasa corporal y de masa muscular esquelética, junto con el pico de aceleración de la velocidad de crecimiento (APVC). El rendimiento físico se examinó mediante pruebas de sprint (10m, 20m y 30m), test 505, salto horizontal, salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) y consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) con el test de resistencia intermitente 30-15IFT. Los resultados muestran que, en la composición corporal, existen reducciones significativas (p<0.01) en ∑ 6 pliegues (d=1.08; “grande”) y grasa corporal (d=1.25; “grande”). Por su parte, el rendimiento físico presentó mejoras significativas (p<0.01) en sprint 10m (d=4.02; “muy grande”), 20m (d=3.53; “muy grande”), 30m (d=2.32; “muy grande”), VO2máx (d=1.02; “grande”) y test 505 (p<0.05; d=0.34; “pequeño”). Además, los futbolistas sub-19 mostraron progresos significativos (p<0.01) en salto horizontal (d=1.19; “grande”). En conclusión, un periodo de pretemporada de siete semanas induce mejoras significativas en indicadores de tejido graso, sprint 10 a 30m, VO2máx y test 505 en jóvenes futbolistas chilenos.
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