Asociación entre calidad y duración del sueño y condición física en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática de estudios transversales.
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https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.4.11951Resumen
El sueño y la condición física son componentes claves para la salud, pero su relación en niños y adolescentes sigue sin estar clara. Aunque se ha investigado ampliamente la relación entre actividad física y sueño, hay menos estudios sobre la relación entre condición física y calidad o duración del sueño. Esta revisión sistemática analiza estudios transversales de los últimos cinco años sobre la relación entre condición física y calidad o duración del sueño en individuos de 6 a 19 años. Se realizó una búsqueda en Web of Science, PubMed y Scopus que incluyó estudios que evaluaron la condición física y el sueño en niños y adolescentes. La calidad metodológica se valoró con la declaración STROBE. Se incluyeron nueve estudios con 11,321 participantes. Los hallazgos muestran una relación inconsistente entre condición física y duración del sueño. Una duración adecuada se asoció con mejor aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en adolescentes, pero hubo discrepancias en niños más pequeños. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre la calidad y duración del sueño y la fuerza muscular. Además, hay un vacío en la literatura sobre el impacto de la calidad del sueño en la condición física. La mayoría de los estudios utilizaron datos autoinformados, lo que podría afectar a la validez de los resultados. La relación entre sueño y condición física sigue sin estar clara, especialmente en niños y más allá de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Futuras investigaciones deben emplear mediciones objetivas del sueño y considerar factores como género y diferencias socioculturales para una comprensión más precisa.
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