Efectividad del entrenamiento pliométrico y propioceptivo sobre el equilibrio dinámico en atletas de karate - Estudio controlado aleatorio
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https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2026.12.2.12538Resumen
El aumento de la popularidad del karate en la India ha provocado un incremento de las lesiones, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de técnicas de entrenamiento eficaces para prevenirlas. El equilibrio dinámico juega un papel vital para los atletas de karate en la ejecución de movimientos precisos, la transición entre posturas y el mantenimiento del control durante acciones rápidas y golpes potentes. Un mejor equilibrio dinámico reduce las posibilidades de lesión y aumenta el rendimiento general en las competiciones, además de mejorar la técnica, la velocidad y la agilidad. El objetivo de este estudio era evaluar la eficacia del entrenamiento pliométrico y propioceptivo para mejorar el equilibrio dinámico en atletas de karate, lo que les ayudará a mejorar su rendimiento y prevenir lesiones. Estos métodos de entrenamiento también promueven la salud y el bienestar de los atletas al mejorar el control neuromuscular y reducir el riesgo de lesiones. Los atletas de karate fueron seleccionados para la población de estudio utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión predeterminados. Los participantes proporcionaron formularios de consentimiento por escrito. 36 sujetos en total. Grupo de entrenamiento pliométrico (n = 18) y grupo de entrenamiento propioceptivo (n = 18). Se evaluaron las pruebas pre y post mediante la prueba de equilibrio de excursión estelar modificada. Durante seis semanas, el proceso de entrenamiento se llevó a cabo tres días a la semana, con sesiones de 60 minutos cada una. Los resultados confirman que ambos métodos de entrenamiento mejoran significativamente el equilibrio dinámico en atletas de karate, siendo el entrenamiento propioceptivo el que muestra una mayor efectividad general, especialmente en la estabilidad multidireccional. El estudio confirma que tanto el entrenamiento pliométrico como el propioceptivo mejoran significativamente el equilibrio dinámico en atletas de karate, siendo el entrenamiento propioceptivo el que muestra resultados superiores, particularmente en la estabilidad multidireccional. Esto enfatiza la importancia crucial de los ejercicios propioceptivos para mejorar el rendimiento en karate y reducir el riesgo de lesiones.
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