Comportamientos, estrategias e interacciones en el Cross training (CrossFit®): Un análisis cualitativo de la dinámica competitiva
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- Luis A. Cardozo+−
- Adriana M. Conde+−
- Francisco J. Pinzón+−
- Diego Rodríguez-Neira+−
- Andrés Carrillo-González+−
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11597Resumen
El Cross Training (CrossFit®) ha ganado popularidad como una modalidad de entrenamiento que combina diversas disciplinas deportivas, promoviendo el desarrollo físico y la interacción social. Este estudio cualitativo de diseño mixto (etnográfico y fenomenológico) analizó los comportamientos, estrategias e interacciones de los atletas en una competición de CrossFit. Participaron 17 deportistas (10 hombres y 7 mujeres) de 19 a 28 años. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante observación no participante, enfocada en comportamientos, expresiones faciales y lenguaje corporal en tres momentos: antes, durante y después de la competencia. Además, cinco de ellos fueron entrevistados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis temático inductivo permitió identificar patrones y categorías emergentes. Los resultados revelaron que los atletas emplean estrategias de preparación y recuperación, como hidratación y estiramientos, y experimentan reacciones emocionales significativas. En la fase precompetitiva, el nerviosismo y la ansiedad fueron mitigados por el apoyo social y la camaradería. Durante la competencia, los atletas que adoptaron enfoques colaborativos mostraron un rendimiento superior, destacando la importancia del trabajo en equipo. En la fase postcompetitiva, las interacciones sociales y el ambiente festivo fomentaron la reflexión y la recuperación emocional. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de la preparación física y mental, así como del apoyo social en el rendimiento deportivo. La investigación proporciona una visión integral de las dinámicas competitivas en el CrossFit, con aplicaciones prácticas para entrenadores y organizadores de eventos. Se sugiere estructurar programas de entrenamiento que incluyan prácticas de recuperación efectivas y promuevan un ambiente de apoyo, contribuyendo al desarrollo integral de los deportistas.
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