El impacto del entrenamiento pliométrico en el rendimiento del lanzamiento de discos entre los atletas de secundaria
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
- Raffly Henjilito+−
- Nagoor Meera bin Abdullah+−
- Zulkifli+−
- Ahmad Yani+−
- Budi Arif Setiawan+−
- Zaiful Amran+−
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11764Resumen
Este estudio examinó el efecto del entrenamiento pliométrico en el rendimiento del disco en atletas de secundaria, destacando las intervenciones específicas para mejorar las habilidades atléticas durante los períodos clave del desarrollo. En un diseño cuasiexperimental participaron 40 atletas de secundaria (de 15 a 18 años) asignados a grupos experimentales y de control. El grupo experimental participó en un programa pliométrico de 8 semanas, mientras que el grupo de control se dedicó a la educación física estándar. Las métricas de rendimiento se evaluaron mediante herramientas calibradas, como el análisis de vídeo, las pruebas de salto vertical, las evaluaciones de la potencia de rotación y las evaluaciones biomecánicas en tres momentos: al inicio, a mitad de la intervención y después de la intervención. El grupo experimental mostró ganancias significativas en las métricas de rendimiento: un aumento del 23,5% en la distancia de lanzamiento, una mejora del 20,2% en la puntuación técnica, un aumento del 17,6% en la altura del salto vertical, una mejora del 15,6% en la potencia de rotación y un aumento del 10,6% en la flexibilidad de los hombros. El análisis estadístico confirmó que estos cambios eran significativos (p < 0,05), mientras que el grupo de control mostró variaciones insignificantes y no significativas. El entrenamiento pliométrico estructurado mejora de manera efectiva el rendimiento del lanzamiento de discos en los atletas de secundaria, lo que indica avances integrales en la capacidad física, la habilidad técnica y la coordinación neuromuscular. Los hallazgos enfatizan la importancia de las intervenciones de entrenamiento específicas y con información científica durante los períodos cruciales del desarrollo.
Palabras clave:
Detalles del artículo
Referencias
Alamiri, H. F. and Ameen, M. J. (2023). An analytical study of some biomechanical variables and achieving fingerprinting in discus throwing for applicants. European Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(2), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2023.2.2.71
Alhumaid, M. M. and Atta, I. I. (2022). Biomechanical properties of the discus throw: analytical case study of the paralympic record holder in the f33 category. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4113801
Behm, D. G., Young, J. D., Whitten, J., Reid, J. C., Quigley, P., Low, J., … & Granacher, U. (2017). Effectiveness of traditional strength vs. power training on muscle strength, power and speed with youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00423
Behringer, M., Heede, A. v., Matthews, M., & Mester, J. (2011). Effects of strength training on motor performance skills in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Pediatric Exercise Science, 23(2), 186-206. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.23.2.186
Chen, C., Wu, H., Yang, Z., Chen, H., & Peng, H. (2021). Motion analysis for jumping discus throwing correction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413414
Chow, J. W., & Mindock, L. A. (2024). Discus throwing performances and medical classification of wheelchair athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/1999/09000/discus_throwing_performances_and_medical.7.aspx
Chow, S., Lee, J., Park, J., Don, P. K., Hammel, T. W., Hallquist, M. N., & Pearl, D. K. (2024). Personalized education through individualized pathways and resources to adaptive control theory-inspired scientific education (ipractise): proof-of-concept studies for designing and evaluating personalized education. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 32(2), 174-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2024.2302181
Corso, M. (2018). Developmental changes in the youth athlete: implications for movement, skills acquisition, performance and injuries. In PubMed. 62(3), p. 150. National Institutes of Health. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30662070
Deng, N., Soh, K. G., Abdullah, B., Huang, D., Xiao, W., & Liu, H. (2023). Effects of plyometric training on technical skill performance among athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos One, 18(7), e0288340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288340
Fleeton, J. R., Sanders, R., & Fornusek, . (2020). Strength training to improve performance in athletes with cerebral palsy: a systematic review of current evidence. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(6), 1774-1789. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003232
Hasan, S. (2023). Effects of plyometric vs. strength training on strength, sprint, and functional performance in soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31375-4
Howard, R., Eisenmann, J. C., & Moreno, T. (2019). Summary: the national strength and conditioning association position statement on long-term athletic development. Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal, 41(2), 124-126. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000451
Judge, L. W. and Bellar, D. (2013). Using sport science to improve coaching: a case study of paralympic track and field f44 discus throw gold medalist jeremy campbell. Journal of Coaching Education, 6(2), 196-197. https://doi.org/10.1123/jce.6.2.196
Klein, J., Oeppert, T. J., Schepp, M., Lange, K., Schmalz, T., & Willwacher, S. (2023). Advanced spike technology enhances sprinting speed. https://doi.org/10.51224/srxiv.320
Legault, I. and Faubert, J. (2024). Gender comparison of perceptual-cognitive learning in young athletes. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59486-6
Linthorne, N. P., Heys, M., Reynolds, T., & Eckardt, N. (2020). Attaching mass to the upper arm can increase throw distance in a modified javelin throw. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.37190/abb-01558-2020-02
Lloyd, R. S., Cronin, J., Faigenbaum, A. D., Haff, G. G., Howard, R., Kraemer, W. J., … & Oliver, J. L. (2016). National strength and conditioning association position statement on long-term athletic development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1491-1509. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001387
Maciel, L. F. P., Flach, M. C., Salles, W. d. N., Quinaud, R. T., Nascimento, J. V. d., & Folle, A. (2021). Development and validation of the perceived influences on sport and study assessment scale. Revista Avaliação Psicológica. https://doi.org/10.15689/ap.2021.2003.20861.02
Marsh, J. A., Wagshol, M., Boddy, K., O'Connell, M. E., Briend, S. J., Lindley, K., … & Caravan, A. (2018). Effects of a six-week weighted-implement throwing program on baseball pitching velocity, kinematics, arm stress, and arm range of motion. PeerJ, 6, e6003. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6003
Martínez, J. G., Suárez, H. V., Ferragut, C., Noguera, M. M., Abraldes, J. A., Rodríguez, N., & Alcaráz, P. E. (2015). Position-specific anthropometry and throwing velocity of elite female water polo players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(2), 472-477. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000646
Meron, A. and Saint‐Phard, D. (2017). Track and field throwing sports: injuries and prevention. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 16(6), 391-396. https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000416
Moeskops, S., Oliver, J. L., Read, P., Cronin, J., Myer, G. D., & Lloyd, R. S. (2019). The physiological demands of youth artistic gymnastics: applications to strength and conditioning. Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal, 41(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000404
Panda, M., Rizvi, M. R., Sharma, A., Sethi, P., Ahmad, I., & Kumari, S. (2022). Effect of electromyostimulation and plyometrics training on sports-specific parameters in badminton players. Sports Medicine and Health Science, 4(4), 280-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2022.08.002
Park, G. D., Lee, J. C., & Lee, J. (2014). The effect of low extremity plyometric training on back muscle power of high school throwing event athletes. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(1), 161-164. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.161
Pichardo, A. W., Oliver, J. L., Harrison, C., Maulder, P. S., & Lloyd, R. S. (2018). Integrating models of long-term athletic development to maximize the physical development of youth. International Journal of Sports Science &Amp; Coaching, 13(6), 1189-1199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118785503
Radnor, J. M., Moeskops, S., Morris, S. J., Mathews, T. A., Kumar, N. T. A., Pullen, B. J., & Lloyd, R. S. (2020). Developing athletic motor skill competencies in youth. Strength &Amp; Conditioning Journal, 42(6), 54-70. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000602
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Sortwell, A., Moran, J., Afonso, J., Clemente, F. M., Lloyd, R. S., … & Granacher, U. (2023). Plyometric-jump training effects on physical fitness and sport-specific performance according to maturity: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00568-6
Rhea, M. R., Peterson, M. D., Oliverson, J. R., Ayllón, F., & Potenziano, B. J. (2008). An examination of training on the vertimax resisted jumping device for improvements in lower body power in highly trained college athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 735-740. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181660d61
Sasakawa, K., Umegaki, K., & Sakurai, S. (2017). Biomechanics of increased spin velocity of flying discs during forehand throws by skilled and unskilled throwers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(8), 843-851. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1344778
Standing, R. and Maulder, P. S. (2019). The effectiveness of progressive and traditional coaching strategies to improve sprint and jump performance across varying levels of maturation within a general youth population. Sports, 7(8), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7080186
Wasser, J. G., Chen, C., Zdziarski, L. A., & Vincent, H. K. (2015). Kinematics of overhead throwing motions in professional lacrosse and baseball players. Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise, 47(5S), 952. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000479324.69566.4d
Yan, J. and Jevas, S. (2004). Young girls' developmental skills in underarm throwing. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 99(1), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.99.1.39-47
Zhang, R., Ishak, A., Liu, B., & Gao, B. (2022). Research on the prevention and measures for the processing of sports injuries in youth discus players. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i4/12983