Efecto de diferentes tipos e entrenamiento físico en pacientes con fibromialgia: revisión narrativa de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados
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https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.4.11958Resumen
La fibromialgia es un trastorno crónico caracterizado por dolor musculoesquelético generalizado y una sensibilidad aumentada en puntos específicos del cuerpo. A menudo se acompaña de fatiga, alteraciones del sueño, dificultades cognitivas y emocionales, lo que impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen. El objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de distintos tipos de entrenamiento físico sobre la calidad del sueño, la percepción del dolor y la calidad de vida en mujeres adultas diagnosticadas con fibromialgia. Para ello, se considerarán ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados publicados entre 2019 y 2024 en idioma inglés, disponibles en las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus. La búsqueda inicial arrojó un total de 64 artículos, de los cuales 19 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. Posteriormente, se aplicó la escala “Physiotherapy Evidence Database” (PEDro) para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios seleccionados. Los resultados incluyeron 12 artículos que abarcaron un total de 611 participantes y analizaron 7 tipos de entrenamiento físico. En todos los casos, se observó mejora progresiva en la calidad del sueño, la percepción del dolor y la calidad de vida, pero únicamente en los grupos que realizaron entrenamiento físico, en comparación con los grupos control. En conclusión, el entrenamiento de resistencia fue el más implementado como manejo para la fibromialgia. No obstante, se observa que los diferentes tipos de ejercicio físico, siempre que sean planificados y supervisados, también contribuyen significativamente a aliviar los síntomas y mejorar el bienestar general de los pacientes con fibromialgia.
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