Competencia motriz autopercibida y práctica de actividad física en adolescentes: diferencias según el estado de peso
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Identificar los factores relacionados con la actividad física y los mecanismos subyacentes que fomentan el compromiso durante la adolescencia es necesario para fomentar un estilo de vida activo. El principal objetivo del estudio fue analizar la competencia motriz autopercibida y la práctica de actividad física en alumnado de ESO normopeso y con exceso de peso. Fueron evaluados 886 adolescentes de entre 12 y 15 años escolarizados en colegios urbanos y rurales de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón. De ellos, 478 (53,95%) eran hombres y 404 (46,05%) mujeres. La edad media fue 13,75 años (DE=1,28). Se empleó el Test AMPET4 para la competencia motriz autopercibida, tres indicadores de la encuesta de la OMS Health Behaviour in Schoolchildren survey en su versión española para analizar la práctica de actividad física y se siguieron las directrices de la OMS en 2007 para establecer los grupos de peso. La existencia de diferencias entre los grupos de peso en las dos variables se realizó a través de la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Respecto al estudio de la competencia motriz autopercibida, los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre los normopeso y alumnado con exceso de peso. En cuanto a la variable práctica de actividad física, se han observado diferencias significativas en favor de los normopeso con respecto únicamente con los obesos. Por sexos, en las chicas no se encontró ninguna diferencia en la práctica de actividad física. Se subraya la importancia de considerar el peso corporal en el diseño de intervenciones orientadas a promover estilos de vida activos.
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