Funciones ejecutivas como predictores de los síntomas de TDAH y problemas conductuales en escolares colombianos
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https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2025.12.2.11888Resumen
El presente estudio examinó la relación entre las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y la sintomatología del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), así como su impacto en los problemas de conducta, en una muestra de estudiantes de educación primaria y secundaria con TDAH en Cartagena, Colombia. Participaron 41 niños con diagnóstico de TDAH de presentación combinada, evaluados mediante la Escala de Evaluación del Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (EDAH), pruebas cognitivas de memoria de trabajo, flexibilidad cognitiva e inhibición, y la evaluación conductual de las FE a través del Inventario de Evaluación Conductual de las Funciones Ejecutivas – Segunda Edición (BRIEF-2), completado por sus docentes. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para identificar la contribución de las FE a los síntomas de TDAH y los problemas de conducta. Los resultados indicaron que la flexibilidad cognitiva fue un predictor significativo de la inatención, mientras que la inhibición y la supervisión de la tarea se asociaron con la hiperactividad. Además, la sintomatología combinada fue explicada por la flexibilidad cognitiva y el control de interferencia, y los problemas de conducta fueron predichos por el control emocional. Estos hallazgos resaltan el papel de las FE en la manifestación del TDAH y subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones educativas adaptadas, enfocadas en mejorar el desarrollo de habilidades ejecutivas. Se recomienda la implementación de estrategias de apoyo educativo personalizadas que optimicen el rendimiento académico y la adaptación conductual en estudiantes con TDAH.
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