O autismo segundo a imprensa e o YouTube. Qual é a opinião dos futuros professores?
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- Irene LACRUZ-PEREZ+−
- Raúl TÁRRAGA-MÍNGUEZ+−
- Antonio José MORALES-HERNÁNDEZ+−
- Gemma PASTOR-CEREZUELA+−
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https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2026.13.1.12745Resumo
O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) passou a ocupar um lugar de destaque nos meios de comunicação social, embora muitas vezes através de representações estereotipadas. Por isso, este estudo analisa como os futuros professores percebem a representação mediática do TEA. Participaram 167 estudantes de pedagogia, com uma idade média de 21,14 anos (DP = 3,65), distribuídos em três grupos: primeiro ano, quarto ano com formação em inclusão e quarto ano sem essa formação. Os participantes avaliaram nove manchetes de jornais e três títulos de vídeos do YouTube, com base na sua contribuição para uma imagem adequada do autismo. Foram calculadas as estatísticas t de Student e ANOVA para comparar as avaliações de acordo com o tipo de meio, conteúdo e grupo académico. Os vídeos do YouTube receberam avaliações mais elevadas do que as manchetes de jornais. As mensagens científicas e de sensibilização foram mais bem avaliadas do que as sensacionalistas. Da mesma forma, os alunos com formação em inclusão demonstraram um maior nível de exigência na avaliação do material. Estes resultados confirmam uma sensibilidade para representações mais rigorosas do autismo, embora persista a dificuldade em reconhecer o valor da evidência científica. Além disso, reforçam a necessidade de uma formação inicial mais especializada que prepare os futuros professores para lidar com a diversidade na sala de aula.
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