Factores asociados al burnout parental: El papel del género de los/as progenitores/as y la edad y género de los/as hijos/as
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https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2026.13.1.12583Resumen
El síndrome de burnout parental constituye un fenómeno creciente en los países occidentales. Aunque existe amplia evidencia de sus perniciosas consecuencias, se precisa más investigación acerca de los factores sociodemográficos asociados al síndrome. En esta línea, el presente estudio analiza el potencial explicativo de ser madre o padre, de tener un hijo o una hija y de que el hijo/a esté cursando Educación Primaria o bien Educación Secundaria Obligatoria sobre cada uno de los síntomas nucleares del burnout parental: agotamiento, hartazgo, distanciamiento emocional y contraste con el yo parental anterior. La muestra participante se compone de 396 padres y madres (75% madres, 25% padres), seleccionados mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Atendiendo a la etapa educativa, la distribución informada por las madres fue muy homogénea en Educación Primaria y en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, mientras que el 72% de los padres informaban hijos/as en secundaria. La distribución por género de los hijos/as fue uniforme. Como instrumento de medida, se utilizó la adaptación validada al contexto español del Parental Burnout Inventory. Se distribuyeron códigos QR con acceso a los cuestionarios en formato digital. Se encontraron niveles significativamente más elevados en agotamiento, hartazgo y contraste con el yo parental previo, asociados a ser madre, tener un hijo varón y tener un hijo/a cursando Educación Primaria. Asimismo, ser madre y tener un hijo/a en Educación Primaria son predictores significativos de esta sintomatología. Estos hallazgos sugieren la conveniencia de diseñar políticas educativas tendentes a promover la coparentalidad y las habilidades para la gestión del estrés parental.
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