Escala de Empatia de Perth: Tradução para o espanhol e validação da Perth Empathy Scale (PES)
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https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2026.13.1.13050Resumo
A Perth Empathy Scale (PES) avalia a empatia de forma multidimensional, incluindo valências positivas e negativas. Tendo em conta a importância desta capacidade para a compreensão dos processos de interação social, convivência e desenvolvimento socioemocional em contextos educativos, e dada a necessidade de dispor de instrumentos válidos para avaliar a empatia multidimensional, esta investigação teve como objetivo traduzir, adaptar e validar a PES para uma população de jovens adultos, através de dois estudos. O primeiro incluiu 164 participantes de diferentes províncias da República Argentina, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos (M = 23,04; DE = 4,59), 77,4% mulheres, selecionados através de uma amostragem não probabilística intencional. Foram avaliadas a validade de conteúdo, a capacidade discriminativa, a fiabilidade e a estrutura interna da escala. Os resultados da AFE revelaram uma estrutura de três fatores: empatia cognitiva, empatia afetiva negativa e empatia afetiva positiva, com índices adequados de consistência interna. O segundo estudo incluiu uma amostra distinta, composta por 146 jovens adultos argentinos, com a mesma faixa etária (M = 22,54; DP = 3,12), 61,6% mulheres, e confirmou, através de uma AFC com índices de ajuste adequados, a estrutura fatorial obtida no primeiro estudo. Além disso, observaram-se correlações positivas com outra medida de empatia, fornecendo evidências de validade externa. Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que a PES constitui uma medida válida e fiável para avaliar a empatia em jovens adultos e proporciona uma ferramenta útil para a investigação psicológica e educativa em contextos latino-americanos.
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