Impacto de los colores en la comparación perceptiva de áreas de rectángulos: Un estudio de seguimiento ocular
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https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2025.12.2.11762Resumen
Los colores desempeñan un papel complejo en la educación y la enseñanza, ya que dirigen la atención, regulan la carga cognitiva y provocan respuestas emocionales. Este estudio examinó cómo los colores afectan la percepción del área geométrica por parte de estudiantes de secundaria. Se pidió a las y los participantes que compararan los tamaños de los rectángulos observando pares de pares de figuras con rectángulos de diferentes colores y fondos. Estos pares se crearon utilizando combinaciones de colores cálidos, fríos y neutros. Se recogieron datos de seguimiento ocular, incluyendo el recuento de fijaciones y la duración de la mirada, que se analizaron según los niveles de pensamiento geométrico de Van Hiele del alumnado y su curso escolar. Los resultados mostraron que los estímulos de color se procesaban más lentamente que los diseños en blanco y negro. Esto sugiere que el color complica el proceso cognitivo en lugar de simplificarlo. También se observó que un bajo contraste entre la figura y el fondo puede aumentar la carga cognitiva y que las formas de colores cálidos tienden a reducir el éxito debido a las ilusiones perceptivas. Por el contrario, los fondos de colores fríos tienen el potencial de mejorar el rendimiento. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el uso del color es una herramienta poderosa que debe gestionarse cuidadosamente según el contexto. Los resultados de este estudio pueden servir de base para actividades educativas relacionadas con la atención, el diseño de material didáctico y la psicología del aprendizaje.
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