Psychosocial factors associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents from Brazil
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Abstract
Suicidal ideation among adolescents can be a predictor of suicide attempts and deaths, constituting a global public health problem. This study aimed to test a predictive model for suicidal ideation, considering risk factors (daily discrimination and victimization due to family violence), protective factors (perceived social support and sense of community belonging), and the demographic variable of sex. A total of 659 adolescents, aged between 10 and 18 years, from both sexes, enrolled in grades 6 through 9 in public schools in a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), participated. The following instruments were used: Global School-based Student Health Survey, Brazilian Youth Questionnaire, Daily Discrimination Scale, Social Support Perception Scale, Sense of Community Index, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and binary logistic regression analysis. The results indicated that males had a 46% lower likelihood of suicidal ideation compared to females. Each additional point of exposure to family violence and daily discrimination increased the likelihood of suicidal ideation by 15.5% and 4.4%, respectively. On the other hand, one additional point in positive community ties and family social support reduced this likelihood by 7% and 7.5%, respectively. Although the model showed an overall adequate performance, it presented low sensitivity, limiting its ability to identify students with suicidal ideation. The study concludes that interventions should focus on intersectoral prevention strategies, including addressing violence and discrimination, as well as promoting positive social bonds for the mental well-being of adolescents.
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