Resiliencia en adolescentes: el papel de la conectividad con la escuela y familia
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- Mercedes Gabriela Orozco-Solís+−
- Héctor Rubén Bravo-Andrade+−
- Norma A Ruvalcaba-Romero+−
- Laura Nadhielii Alfaro-Beracoechea+−
Resumen
El sentido de conexión con la familia y escuela es un elemento asociado con el desarrollo psicosocial de los adolescentes, siendo un factor que puede influir en su manera de responder a la adversidad y ajustarse a los cambios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer el valor predictivo de las relaciones intrafamiliares y la conexión con la escuela, los maestros y los estudiantes sobre la resiliencia en los adolescentes de secundaria. La muestra estuvo conformada por 645 estudiantes (50.7% mujeres), con un rango de edad de 12 a 16 años (M = 13.35, DT = 0.99), de una escuela secundaria pública de México. Los participantes respondieron la Escala de Evaluación de Relaciones Intrafamiliares, las subescalas de conexión social con la escuela y los estudiantes de la Encuesta de Clima Escolar MDS3 y el Cuestionario de Resiliencia para Niños y Adolescentes revisado. Los resultados indicaron correlaciones positivas moderadas entre las variables de estudio y la resiliencia, siendo la más elevada la correlación entre relaciones intrafamiliares y resiliencia. En el análisis predictivo, la relación intrafamiliar, la conexión con la escuela y entre estudiantes, conservaron la significancia para predecir la resiliencia, manteniendo las relaciones familiares los coeficientes más altos. Los resultados sugieren que el entorno familiar es el factor principal que determina cómo los adolescentes afrontan la adversidad. Se discuten las limitaciones y las implicaciones prácticas. Concluimos que es importante generar estrategias que promuevan una mayor conexión del adolescente con los entornos que influyen en el desarrollo de factores protectores como la resiliencia.
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