Problemas de externalização e internalização em pré-adolescentes e vinculação aos pais || Externalizing and internalizing problems in pre-adolescents and attachment to parents
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Os comportamentos de externalização e internalização na infância e na adolescência refletem um mal-estar do sujeito, que muitas vezes o próprio não sabe explicar, mas que se traduz noutras áreas da vida. A publicação recorrente das elevadas percentagens destes problemas, nestas idades, suscita a necessidade de estudos periódicos em amostras de comunidade, para que se possa sinalizar e intervir precocemente. A vinculação insegura aos pais é um dos fatores associado à emergência destes problemas. Apresentamos um estudo exploratório, com o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ) e o Inventário de Vinculação a Pais e Pares (IPPA), das relações entre problemas de externalização, problemas de internalização e vinculação aos pais, reportados por pré-adolescentes portugueses, numa amostra de 258 sujeitos, 124 rapazes (48.1 %), e 134 raparigas (51.9 %), entre os 9 e 12 anos (M = 10.34; DP = 0.88). Estudou-se a relação entre a presença de problemas de comportamento reportados pelos pré-adolescentes e os mesmos problemas reportados pelos seus pais, tendo-se obtido correlações positivas e significativas entre ambas as avaliações. Maior segurança na vinculação aos pais (i.e., maiores valores nas dimensões “Aceitação mútua-compreensão”, “Comunicação-proximidade afetiva” e menores no “Afastamento-rejeição”) correlaciona negativamente com os problemas de comportamento reportados pelos próprios, reforçando a importância da segurança das relações de vinculação aos pais na manutenção de comportamentos mais adaptados nos adolescentes
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