La relación entre los valores humanos y el rendimiento académico: una revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2023.10.2.9803Palabras clave:
valores humanos, desempeño académico, estudiantes, revisión sistemáticaResumen
Valores são crenças que representam estados finais de existência ou comportamentos preferidos, transcendem situações específicas, orientam a seleção e a avaliação de comportamentos e eventos e variam em grau de importância entre os indivíduos. Dessa forma, eles refletem as metas que as pessoas desejam e o que consideram importante e valioso. O desempenho acadêmico pode ser definido como o grau de conhecimento e as habilidades desenvolvidas pelos estudantes em cada etapa de sua formação. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sistemática de estudos que analisam a relação entre os valores humanos e o desempenho acadêmico desde a educação básica até o ensino superior. Uma pesquisa nos bancos de dados PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scielo e Google Scholar identificou 1545 artigos. A remoção de duplicatas e a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade reduziram esse número para 220, dos quais 19 foram incluídos na revisão. As principais teorias encontradas nos artigos foram a Teoria Funcionalista dos Valores Humanos, a Teoria dos Valores Básicos e a Teoria dos Valores de Rokeach. Observou-se que os valores humanos estão relacionados ao desempenho acadêmico, atuando tanto como variável predecessora quanto como mediadora e moderadora de outras variáveis, como conteúdo dos objetivos de realização, esforço para atingir as metas, motivos de realização social e individual, metas de aprendizagem, desonestidade acadêmica, metas de realização, abordagens de aprendizagem e resiliência. Esses resultados aumentam nossa compreensão de como os valores estão associados ao desempenho acadêmico e permitem reflexões sobre como promover valores entre os/as estudantes.
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